parameters are required for the horizontal position to avoid this. The most common horizontal position representation is latitude and longitude. The parameters...

the traditional method of latitude and longitude, it is a horizontal position representation, which means it ignores altitude and treats the earth surface...

coordinate system Coordinate system Horizon Horizontal angle Horizontal coordinate system Horizontal position representation Local tangent plane Northing and easting...

market. As of early 2015, high-quality Standard Positioning Service (SPS) GPS receivers provided horizontal accuracy of better than 3.5 meters (11 ft), although...

model of the shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally...

longitude) for horizontal position representation in mathematical calculations and computer algorithms. Geometrically, the n-vector for a given position on an...

information systems, remote sensing, and cartography. A horizontal datum is used to measure a horizontal position, across the Earth's surface, in latitude and longitude...

two positions are on either side of this meridian. To avoid these complexities, some applications use another horizontal position representation. The...

Heritage surveying methods found elevation differences from a local horizontal determined by the spirit level, plumb line, or an equivalent device that...

(Macmillan, New York, 1913). Gade, Kenneth (2010). "A Non-singular Horizontal Position Representation". Journal of Navigation. 63 (3): 395–417. Bibcode:2010JNav...

actual locations on the Earth. The ECEF that is used for the Global Positioning System (GPS) is the geocentric WGS 84, which currently includes its own...

raster location representation, data fusion, and spatial databases. The most usual grids are for horizontal position representation, using a standard...

32767, along with a standard machine-readable well-known text (WKT) representation. The dataset is maintained by the IOGP Geomatics Committee. Most geographic...

respectively, and are separated by a comma. They are coordinates of a horizontal grid (2D). If a third comma-separated value is present, it represents...

circumference) Geodetic coordinates Geodetic datum Geodesic Horizontal position representation Latitude / Longitude Map projection Reference ellipsoid Satellite...

planimetric map is one that does not include relief data. Horizontal position representation Two-dimensional space Hart, David A. (July 1, 1998). "Planimetric...

Geodesy is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the earth, its gravitational field and geodynamic phenomena (polar...

ratio". Posidonius calculated the Earth's circumference by reference to the position of the star Canopus. As explained by Cleomedes, Posidonius observed Canopus...

developed by the Federal Aviation Administration to augment the Global Positioning System (GPS), with the goal of improving its accuracy, integrity, and...

Retrieved 2008-07-21. Gade, Kenneth (2010). "A non-singular horizontal position representation" (PDF). The Journal of Navigation. 63 (3). Cambridge University...

Coordinate system Horizontal position Line element Parametric surface Position fixing Position four-vector Six degrees of freedom Vertical position The term displacement...

Transverse Mercator WGS 84 Zone 16N") comprises a choice of Earth ellipsoid, horizontal datum, map projection (except in the geographic coordinate system), origin...

general)[citation needed] Gade, Kenneth (2010). "A non-singular horizontal position representation" (PDF). The Journal of Navigation. 63 (3). Cambridge University...

circumference) Geodetic coordinates Geodetic datum Geodesic Horizontal position representation Latitude / Longitude Map projection Reference ellipsoid Satellite...

The North American Datum (NAD) is the horizontal datum now used to define the geodetic network in North America. A datum is a formal description of the...

Geocodes Geodetic datum Geographical distance Graticule (cartography) Horizontal plane Lattice graph (grid as mathematical abstraction) Map projection...

grid zone. (Latitude band X is the exception to this rule.) Therefore, a position reported in a modern datum usually cannot be misunderstood as using an...

First horizontal position coordinate (Φ or y), such as latitude (negative number south of equator and positive north of equator) Second horizontal coordinate...

preparation of marine charts, and failed to include the broader concept of positioning or measurements in all marine environments. The use of different data...

points. One purpose of point positioning is the provision of known points for mapping measurements, also known as (horizontal and vertical) control. There...