• The Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam (Arabic: حدود العالم, lit. "Boundaries of the World," "Limits of the World," or in also in English "The Regions of the World") is a...
    8 KB (1,060 words) - 10:04, 26 January 2025
  • Thumbnail for Kimek–Kipchak confederation
    treaty Hudud al-Alam gave a description of the cultures and ways of life of Kimeks and Kipchaks. The Kimaks led a semi-settled life, as the Hudūd mentioned...
    40 KB (5,591 words) - 05:51, 12 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Kipchaks
    century, and were one of seven original tribes. In the 10th-century Hudud al-'Alam it is said that the Kimek appointed the Kipchak king. The Kimek confederation...
    44 KB (4,981 words) - 18:33, 30 July 2025
  • Arabic-language book that the Rus' had a prince called khāqān rus or Khaqan-Rus. Hudud al-'Alam (anonymous late-10th-century Persian-language geography text) refers...
    58 KB (7,211 words) - 11:13, 21 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Osrushana
    name Osrušana is not clear from the sources, but the forms given in Hudud al-'alam, indicate an original *Sorušna. From the fifth to the seventh century...
    9 KB (939 words) - 02:45, 25 June 2025
  • Seguy, the penultimate ruler of the Western Turkic Khaganate, since the Hudud al-'Alam says the Khazar king descended from the Ansa, which has been interpreted...
    46 KB (5,763 words) - 02:03, 26 May 2025
  • it was used more generally for autonomous Muslim rulers, as in the Hudud al-'Alam of the 10th century, where even some petty princes of Afghanistan are...
    12 KB (1,188 words) - 08:39, 26 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Pashtuns
    century CE, chapt. 11, verse 61 The word Afghan also appeared in the 982 Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam, where a reference is made to a village, Saul, which was probably located...
    192 KB (20,147 words) - 03:06, 1 August 2025
  • Thumbnail for Black Sea
    Sea is called Siyābun. In the tenth-century Persian geography book Hudud al-'Alam, the Black Sea is called Georgian Sea (daryā-yi Gurz). The Georgian...
    118 KB (11,909 words) - 08:51, 29 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Lahore
    tour of India. The first document that mentions Lahore by name is the Hudud al-'Alam ("The Regions of the World"), written in 982 CE, in which Lahore is...
    192 KB (16,872 words) - 23:01, 28 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Pechenegs
    "Khazar Pechenegs" mentioned in the 10th-century Hudud al-'alam had its origin in this period. The Hudud al-'Alam—a late 10th-century Persian geography—distinguished...
    43 KB (4,822 words) - 22:00, 8 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Khorasan
    Merv, Herat and Balkh. By the 10th century, Ibn Khordadbeh and the Hudud al-'Alam mentions what roughly encompasses the previous regions of Abarshahr...
    36 KB (4,130 words) - 11:35, 24 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Name of Afghanistan
    reference to the name is found in the 10th-century geography book known as Hudud al-'Alam. The last part of the name, -stān is a Persian suffix for "place". In...
    18 KB (1,583 words) - 02:51, 8 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Punjab, Pakistan
    (indri vaddani), and the ingestion of cow-meat (bhas khana). Hudud, al-Alam (1970). Hudud Al-Alam, 'the Regions of the World': A Persian Geography, 327A.H...
    128 KB (11,637 words) - 22:08, 27 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Muslim conquests of Afghanistan
    called it a land of infidels (dar al-kufr) annexed to Islamic domain because of its Muslim minority. However Hudud al-'Alam stated it had a mostly-Muslim...
    170 KB (22,118 words) - 06:37, 13 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Yemek
    203 Hudūd al-'Ālam "Sections 18, 19, 21" Translated and Explained by V. Minorsky (1937). p. 99-101 Minorsky, V.F. (1937) Commentary on Hudūd al-'Ālam on...
    18 KB (2,307 words) - 09:05, 3 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Jizzakh
    was mentioned in the 10th century Hudud al-'Alam under the name Dizak (Arabic: دزك), and in the 13th century Mu'jam al-Buldan under the names Dīzak (Arabic:...
    24 KB (2,534 words) - 07:41, 3 July 2025
  • Aś(i)nas (al-Tabari), Ānsa (Hudud al-'Alam), and Śaba (Ibn Khordadbeh)), and Afrasiab, whom 11th-century Karakhanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari identified with...
    73 KB (7,658 words) - 13:39, 16 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Zabulistan
    geographical works such as Istakhri's Kitab al-Masalik (930-933 CE), the Hudud al 'Alam (982 CE), Qazvīnī's Nuzhat al-Qulub etc. As a dry region among the Khorasan...
    31 KB (3,903 words) - 17:34, 19 May 2025
  • name is the Hudud al-'Alam ("The Regions of the World"), written in 982 CE. Lahore's name had been recorded by early Muslim historians as Al-Ahwar, A'lahwur...
    7 KB (701 words) - 10:31, 2 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Afghan (ethnonym)
    century CE, chapt. 11, verse 61. The word Afghan also appeared in the 982 Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam, where a reference is made to the village of Saul, which was estimated...
    33 KB (4,248 words) - 08:37, 30 June 2025
  • Sultan Mahmud (r. 998–1030). According to the unknown author of the Hudud al-'Alam, the Farighunid family descended from the legendary Iranian king Afridun/Faridun...
    7 KB (745 words) - 23:32, 5 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Kabulistan
    Province of Afghanistan. By the 10th century, Ibn Khordadbeh and the Hudud al-'Alam report the southern part of the Hindu Kush, i.e. the regions of Sistan...
    3 KB (323 words) - 23:26, 27 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Names for India
    Names for India (redirect from Al-Hind)
    Calcutta, 1950 P. 177 Kitab Muruj Al-dahab Al-Masudi. El-Masudis Historical Encyclopaedia By 'Abu-l-Hasan 'Ali ibn al-Husain al-Masudi P. 187 Journal of Ancient...
    51 KB (4,821 words) - 14:15, 31 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Afghanistan
    name, Afġān, was first attested in the 10th-century geography book Hudud al-'Alam. The last part of the name, "-stan", is a Persian suffix meaning "place...
    329 KB (29,614 words) - 11:18, 30 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Atil
    Khazars, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954. V. Minorsky, Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam (1937), 451–4 (E.J.W. Gibb Memorial, 11) G. Moravcsik, Byzantinoturcica...
    12 KB (1,381 words) - 18:17, 14 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Bulgars
    the Iġndr (*Uluġundur) of Ibn al-Kalbi (c. 820), the Vnndur (*Wunundur) of Hudud al-'Alam (982), the Wlndr (*Wulundur) of Al-Masudi (10th century) and Hungarian...
    100 KB (11,482 words) - 00:18, 26 June 2025
  • scholars had of this part of al-Hind before its conquest by Muslim forces. Nevertheless, both al-Muqaddasī and the Hudud al-'Alam agree on the town’s significance...
    138 KB (15,963 words) - 14:51, 28 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Hindustan
    used, as synonyms, for the entire subcontinent." The 10th century text Hudud al-Alam defined Hindustan as roughly the Indian subcontinent, with its western...
    30 KB (3,414 words) - 00:45, 29 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Multan
    culturally well-suited for trade with the Islamic world. The 10th century Hudud al-'Alam notes that Multan's rulers were also in control of Lahore, though that...
    95 KB (9,037 words) - 09:12, 31 July 2025