state physics, the Luttinger–Ward functional, proposed by Joaquin Mazdak Luttinger and John Clive Ward in 1960, is a scalar functional of the bare electron-electron...

function G instead of the density n. It is called as Luttinger–Ward functional (or kinds of similar functionals), written as E[G]. However, G is determined not...

In condensed matter physics, Luttinger's theorem is a result derived by J. M. Luttinger and J. C. Ward in 1960 that has broad implications in the field...

Joaquin (Quin) Mazdak Luttinger (December 2, 1923 – April 6, 1997) was an American physicist well known for his contributions to the theory of interacting...

(1): 55–72. Bibcode:1958PhFl....1...55M. doi:10.1063/1.1724337. Luttinger, J. M.; Ward, J. C. (1960). "Ground-State Energy and Many-Fermion System". Physical...

Tomonaga in the mid-20th century. Schwinger–Tomonaga equation Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid Quantum tunnelling — In 1957, Leo Esaki demonstrated tunneling...