The 1997 rebellion in Albania was in large part triggered by the failure of multiple pyramid schemes. These schemes, which grew to an unprecedented scale...

been classified as pyramid schemes. In a pyramid scheme, an organization compels individuals who wish to join to make a payment. In exchange, the organization...

In 1997, Albania experienced widespread civil unrest due to economic problems caused by the collapse of pyramid schemes. The large sums of money siphoned...

these Ponzi-Schemes were endorsed by the government (led by the Democratic Party of Albania) or suggested people to invest in these schemes and the majority...

in response to the serious social crisis that had followed the collapse of major pyramid schemes in Albania in early 1997. The loss of many Albanians'...

investments. Caritas (Ponzi scheme) Lyonya Golubkov Pyramid schemes in Albania The PyraMMMid Stock Generation, yet another financial scheme by Mavrodi, calling...

rise of Pyramid schemes in Albania in the 1990s and whose collapse culminated in the 1997 Albanian civil unrest. The collective has been engaged in curatorial...

government compensation of the money many Albanians had lost in pyramid schemes. With the start of armed rebellion in early March, the role of the Forum decreased...

agreement in 1994, and became a member of the Council of Europe in 1995. However, economic mismanagement and the rapid proliferation of pyramid schemes shook...

the notorious Ponzi schemes (known as pyramid schemes in Albania) which resulted in the unrest of 1997 where the majority of Albanians lost their savings...

Smoki (2011). "Tales from Albarado: The Materiality of Pyramid Schemes in Post-socialist Albania". Cultural Anthropology. 26 (1): 84–110. doi:10.1111/j...

collapse of a number of large "pyramid schemes" (more accurately, Ponzi schemes) and widespread corruption in Albania, which caused disorder and rebellion...

talismans. Variations include the pyramid scheme, the Ponzi scheme, and the matrix scheme. Victor Lustig, a con artist born in Austria-Hungary, designed and...

Dillon has estimated that the scheme may earn up to $140 million a year and that in 2010 there were 20 gangs active in Italy alone, earning €2 million...

A referendum on restoring the monarchy was held in Albania on 29 June 1997 alongside parliamentary elections. The proposal was rejected by 66.7% of voters...

Early parliamentary elections were held in Albania on 29 June 1997 alongside a simultaneous referendum on restoring the monarchy, with a second round of...

Agency once the pyramid schemes collapsed. Rebellion of 1997 In addition to her undergraduate studies in economics, Linda Rama specialized in the labor market...

technically a Ponzi Scheme, the Albanian scams were commonly referred to as pyramid schemes both popularly and by the International Monetary Fund. In 1996, Sidney...

is a type of confidence trick designed to prey upon victims' good faith. In the most basic form, an overpayment scam consists of a scammer claiming, falsely...

shots in combat. In March 1997 several Western states evacuated their citizens. Operation Libelle was launched after a fraudulent pyramid scheme collapsed...

from Tirana, the capital of Albania during the civil unrest in 1997. The operation took place over 13 operational days in March 1997 and was performed...

of Albania, Prime Minister in order to lead a government of national unity. This came after rebellion broke out over the collapse of several pyramid schemes...

to continue to be in parliament as opposition. Sali Berisha had been blamed for the governments mishandling of the Pyramid Schemes. In 2001 Berisha and...

the wake of the implosion of the Ponzi pyramid banking schemes promoted by the government, increasing insurgency in early March led to the Police and Republican...

and in turn recruited new members. On June 8, 2019, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte ordered the corporation to be shut down over the scheme. The...

Gaxhai (Albanian: Banda e Gaxhait) was a criminal group created in March 1997 that operated in the city of Vlora during 1997 when anarchy reigned in the South...

Gang of Pusi i Mezinit (Albanian: Banda e Pusit të Mezinit) was a criminal group with activities throughout southern Albania. Origin of the members of...

Gang of Çole (Albanian: Banda e Çoles or Banda e Zani Çaushit) was an Albanian criminal group that operated in the city of Vlorë during 1997–2001. The...

construction techniques used, seem to have developed over time; later pyramids were not constructed in the same way as earlier ones. It is believed that huge stones...

the pyramid schemes that dominated the Albanian economy of the 1990s sparked a civil war, during which dispossessed citizens armed themselves in rebellion...