Relativistic electron beams are streams of electrons moving at relativistic speeds. They are the lasing medium in free electron lasers to be used in atmospheric...

tubes, electron microscopes, electron beam welding, research by means of particle accelerators and the generation of synchrotron radiation. Electrons belong...

physics, relativistic beaming (also known as Doppler beaming, Doppler boosting, or the headlight effect) is the process by which relativistic effects modify...

and brief, and are often the result of a relativistic beam impacting some target. (More mundanely, "relativistic plasma" might denote a normal, cold plasma...

Electron diffraction is a generic term for phenomena associated with changes in the direction of electron beams due to elastic interactions with atoms...

called quarks. Electrons may be scattered through a solid in several ways: Not at all: no electron scattering occurs at all and the beam passes straight...

atomic or molecular states, FELs use a relativistic electron beam as the lasing medium, hence the term free-electron. The pursuit of a high-quantum-energy...

employs relativistic electrons as a gain medium instead of using stimulated emission from atomic or molecular excitations. In an FEL, a bunch of electrons passes...

particle beams make them useful for many applications in particle physics (see Particle beam#Applications and Electron-beam technology). Such beams can be...

operating ion colliders: the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and in the Low Energy Ion Ring at CERN. CERN also has two electron coolers in its Antimatter...

charged particle beam similarly to optical lenses upon a light beam. Electron optics calculations are crucial for the design of electron microscopes and...

(help) U.S. patent 4,345,220, High power microwave generator using relativistic electron beam in waveguide drift tube, to Donald J. Sullivan, 1982 U.S. patent...

Tests of relativistic energy and momentum are aimed at measuring the relativistic expressions for energy, momentum, and mass. According to special relativity...

by crossing a high-energy laser pulse with a relativistic electron beam from a conventional linear electron accelerator, but a further achievement in the...

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen...

by bending relativistic electrons (i.e. those moving at relativistic speeds) around a circular track. When the electrons are at relativistic speeds, the...

nuclei, electrons, and positrons, while others are consistent with jets composed of positron–electron plasma. Trace nuclei swept up in a relativistic positron–electron...

the electron's spin with its electromagnetic properties. Reduction of the Dirac equation for an electron in a magnetic field to its non-relativistic limit...

propulsion by thermonuclear microbombs ignited with intense relativistic electron beams", Raumfahrtforschung 15, 208-217 (1971). Winterberg is Hermann...

Special relativity Relativistic wave equations Lorentz factor Relativistic mass Relativistic plasma Relativistic jet Relativistic beaming For example, at...

biology. Storage rings can also be used to produce polarized high-energy electron beams through the Sokolov-Ternov effect. The best-known application of storage...

for s electrons, which move at relativistic velocities as they penetrate the screening electrons near the core of high-Z atoms. This relativistic increase...

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC /ˈrɪk/) is the first and one of only two operating heavy-ion colliders, and the only spin-polarized proton collider...

microscopy images, electron diffraction patterns including convergent-beam electron diffraction or combinations of these. It has been successful in determining...

of astrophysics: see relativistic beaming.) The corresponding wavelengths are related by Identical expressions for relativistic Doppler shift are obtained...

the azimuthal angle. Electron beams with quantized orbital angular momentum are also called electron vortex beams. An electron in free space travelling...

Electron beam ion trap (EBIT) is an electromagnetic bottle that produces and confines highly charged ions. An EBIT uses an electron beam focused with a...

physics including the production of high-quality relativistic electron beams, energetic proton beams and the development of techniques to measure very...

1086/160008. Pereira, N. R.; et al. (1988). "X-rays from Z-pinches on relativistic electron-beam generators". Journal of Applied Physics. 64 (3): R1 – R27. Bibcode:1988JAP...

non-relativistic classical mechanics. For instance, the well-known model of the quantum harmonic oscillator uses an explicitly non-relativistic expression...