Shearing layers is a concept coined by architect Frank Duffy, which was later elaborated by Stewart Brand in his book, How Buildings Learn: What Happens...

boundary layers can be loosely classified according to their structure and the circumstances under which they are created. The thin shear layer which develops...

on it. Every layer can exist without the layers above it, and requires the layers below it to function. Another common view is that layers do not always...

perpendicular to the force. Wall shear stress expresses the retarding force (per unit area) from a wall in the layers of a fluid flowing next to the wall...

in the layer of fluid close to the surface. The flow can be externally, around a body, or internally, in an enclosed passage. Boundary layers can be either...

C_{2\varepsilon }=1.92} The k-ε model has been tailored specifically for planar shear layers and recirculating flows. This model is the most widely used and validated...

human-centered community. Among other things, the book details the notion of Shearing layers. Criticism of the architect Richard Rogers was removed from the UK...

pilots on rare occasions. Wind shear can also produce wave. This occurs when an atmospheric inversion separates two layers with a marked difference in wind...

Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture Abstraction layer Multitier architecture Shearing layers Lakos, John (1997). Large-scale C++ software design'. Addison-Wesley...

inherited, formed due to the orientation of pre-shearing layering or formed due to instability within the shear flow. Recently deposited sediments are normally...

architecture Rule of thumb – Approximate method for doing something Shearing layers Systems theory – Interdisciplinary study of systems Typology (urban...

a closed loop across the shear layer between two airmasses in relative movement, e.g. stationary air in a valley, and a layer of wind above the valley...

source of jet noise is the turbulent mixing of shear layers in the engine's exhaust. These shear layers contain instabilities that lead to highly turbulent...

nutrients from the lower layer into the upper layer. Nutrient fluxes through the pycnocline are lower than at other surface layers. The microbial loop is...

two Ekman layers. The structure of D {\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}} is the Stewartson layer. The Stewartson layer consists of two outer layers, one on the...

mapping is also called shear transformation, transvection, or just shearing. The transformations can be applied with a shear matrix or transvection,...

number is caused by small-scale instabilities from the separation of the shear layer. Knowing Newton's second law stating force is equivalent to mass times...

behavior is known as the critical shear rate. When shearing a concentrated stabilized solution at a relatively low shear rate, the repulsive particle-particle...

in a bounded shear flow (such as boundary layer and channel flow). It is one of the more common methods by which a laminar bounded shear flow transitions...

by Vagn Walfrid Ekman. Ekman layers occur both in the atmosphere and in the ocean. There are two types of Ekman layers. The first type occurs at the...

mechanics where shear flow is the shear stress force per unit length, in fluid mechanics, shear flow (or shearing flow) refers to adjacent layers of fluid moving...

reported in 2012, by shearing a square graphite mesa a few micrometers across, and observing the self-retraction of the sheared layer. Such effects were...

The internal structure of Earth are the layers of the Earth, excluding its atmosphere and hydrosphere. The structure consists of an outer silicate solid...

practical value. In cases with well-defined shear layers, this is likely due the dominance of streamwise shear components, so that considerable relative...

generation caused by high-velocity jets and the turbulent eddies generated by shearing flow. Such noise is known as broadband noise and extends well beyond the...

fractures into layers. A variety of materials, including laminate composites and concrete, can fail by delamination. Processing can create layers in materials...

laminar flow, which occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers with no disruption between those layers. Turbulence is commonly observed in everyday phenomena...

of instability in a fluid is the presence of a velocity gradient or shear layer with an inflection point. In a whistle, the instability starts at some...

which arise from shearing the fluid do not depend on the distance the fluid has been sheared; rather, they depend on how quickly the shearing occurs. Viscosity...

Layers (incl boundary layers) Internal flow (pipe, channel, and couette) Internal flow (inlets, nozzles, diffusers, and cascades) Free shear layers (mixing...