Soft Ionization by Chemical Reaction in Transfer is a method for ionizing small organic compounds at ambient atmospheric pressure. It is used for ion...

Chemical ionization (CI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry. This was first introduced by Burnaby Munson and Frank H. Field in 1966...

Ambient ionization is a form of ionization in which ions are formed in an ion source outside the mass spectrometer without sample preparation or separation...

ambient ionization techniques are Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART),DESI, SESI, LAESI, desorption atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (DAPCI), Soft Ionization...

chromatography systems. Chemical ionization (CI) is a lower energy process than electron ionization because it involves ion/molecule reactions rather than electron...

In chemistry, an acid–base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base. It can be used to determine pH via titration. Several...

corresponds to both the first ionization energy of oxygen, and the ionization energy of hydrogen, both about 14 eV. In some Environmental Protection Agency...

Electron ionization (EI, formerly known as electron impact ionization and electron bombardment ionization) is an ionization method in which energetic electrons...

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is an ionization method used in mass spectrometry which utilizes gas-phase ion-molecule reactions at atmospheric...

they undergo during reactions with other substances. Chemistry also addresses the nature of chemical bonds in chemical compounds. In the scope of its subject...

fundamental chemical reactions common to all acids. Most acids encountered in everyday life are aqueous solutions, or can be dissolved in water, so the...

In mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is an ionization technique that uses a laser energy-absorbing matrix to create...

Hard ionization is considered by mass spectrometrists as the employ of molecular electron bombardment, whereas "soft ionization" is charge by molecular...

as ions produced by electron ionization. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry...

arrangement of the chemical elements into rows ("periods") and columns ("groups"). It is an icon of chemistry and is widely used in physics and other sciences...

on atmospheric pressure ionization (API) strategies like electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and atmospheric...

when ionized. ESI is different from other ionization processes (e.g. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, MALDI) since it may produce multiple-charged...

energy, it can induce chemical reactions and cause many substances to glow or fluoresce. Many practical applications, including chemical and biological effects...

particles to cause ionization. A familiar example of thermal ionization is the flame-ionization of a common fire, and the browning reactions in common food items...

Sulfhydryls are scavengers of free radicals, protecting chemical damage induced by either ionizing radiation or alkylating agents. Reece, Urry; et al. (2011)...

Potassium is chemically very similar to sodium, the previous element in group 1 of the periodic table. They have a similar first ionization energy, which...

nucleus recoiling from a neutron interaction is ionized and causes more traditional subsequent ionization in other atoms. Because neutrons are uncharged,...

can be ionized by electron transfer, a process thermodynamically understood using the Born–Haber cycle. Salts are formed by salt-forming reactions A base...

phosphonate-based antiscalants used in drinking water treatment plants by anion-exchange chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry...

versatile technique, consisting in a transfer of the formed complexes from the injected solution to the gas phase by a soft ionization process without strongly...

quantum mechanical in nature. Such processes involve chemical reactions, light absorption, formation of excited electronic states, transfer of excitation energy...

turn produce further ionization and thereby spurious secondary discharges. If nothing were done to counteract this, ionization would be prolonged and...

nature of radical chemical interactions makes this one of the most versatile forms of polymerization available and allows facile reactions of polymeric radical...

is the most common ionization technique applied in LC/MS. This soft ionization is most successful for polar molecules with ionizable functional groups...

its "softer" ionization methods. The disadvantage of using ESI is that the data obtained can be very complex due to the mechanism of the ionization and...