Submarine eruptions are volcano eruptions which take place beneath the surface of water. These occur at constructive margins, subduction zones, and within...

and submarine, then Strombolian, followed by Vulcanian and Surtseyan. The stronger eruptive types are Pelean eruptions, followed by Plinian eruptions; the...

these can discharge material into the atmosphere during an eruption. The total number of submarine volcanoes is estimated to be over one million (most are...

following the seismic detection of a submarine eruption at the volcano in January 1998, the first time a submarine eruption had been detected and followed in...

2021, an eruption began on Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai, a submarine volcano in the Tongan archipelago in the southern Pacific Ocean. The eruption reached...

during the Minoan eruption. Palea Kameni and Nea Kameni were formed as a result of multiple, initially submarine, smaller eruptions at the center of the...

Iriomote. The Captain Kano concluded that this was the product of a submarine eruption and diverted its course from east towards Ishigaki Island to north-northeast...

an incomplete list of volcanic eruptions in Iceland. Please see External links below for databases of Icelandic eruptions which include over 530 events...

2023). "A year on, we know why the Tongan eruption was so violent. It's a wake-up call to watch other submarine volcanoes". The Conversation. Retrieved...

eruption, which destroyed over 70% of the island and its surrounding archipelago, afterwards collapsing itself into a caldera. The 27 August eruption...

Above this depth, submarine eruptions are often explosive, tending to produce pyroclastic rock rather than basalt flows. These eruptions, described as Surtseyan...

seen off the coast of La Restinga. A small submarine eruption had begun, 2 km south of La Restinga. Eruption 'jacuzzis', occasionally reaching 10–15 metres...

and to an unknown tropical eruption in 1108 CE that had produced 1 °C of global cooling. On 16 March 2009, a submarine eruption near Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai...

The 1808 mystery eruption is one or potentially multiple unidentified volcanic eruptions that resulted in a significant rise in stratospheric sulfur aerosols...

a crater lake. On September 28, 2013, a new submarine eruption began southwest of the 2011–2012 eruption site, with water discoloration and a significant...

Hotspot (geology) List of submarine volcanoes Marine protected area Mud volcano Oceanic trench Submarine eruption Submarine volcano Topographic prominence...

listing published in October 2022. The Capelinhos eruption represented the first time that a submarine eruption was documented from beginning to end. Its location...

magma movements and can indicate that an eruption has begun. Later the same day a small submarine eruption began, 7 km south of La Restinga. On 11 October...

water prevents the explosive release of steam and gases; however, submarine eruptions can be detected by hydrophones and by the discoloration of water...

eruptions by human death toll. Lists of disasters List of volcanic eruption deaths List of natural disasters by death toll List of volcanic eruptions...

have been six historical eruptions recorded from the volcano since the 18th century. 1773: The first recorded submarine eruption from the volcano, on what...

subaerial eruption types, including Plinian, Peléan and Hawaiian eruptions. Subaerial eruptions contrast with subaqueous, submarine and subglacial eruptions which...

The 1955 Hawaiian submarine eruption was a submarine eruption that occurred 90 km (56 mi) northeast of Necker Island on August 20, 1955. Steaming water...

The Minoan eruption was a catastrophic volcanic eruption that devastated the Aegean island of Thera (also called Santorini) circa 1600 BCE. It destroyed...

The 2012 Kermadec Islands eruption was a major undersea volcanic eruption that was produced by the previously little-known Havre Seamount near the L'Esperance...

A limnic eruption, also known as a lake overturn, is a very rare type of natural hazard in which dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) suddenly erupts from deep...

coast of Tunisia, probably last erupted around 1,000 BC. There was a submarine eruption a few kilometres north-east of the island in 1891, which was probably...

Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS). Twenty-one of these have had historical eruptions. The three exceptions are Cabalian, which is a strongly fumarolic volcano;[further...

"Hydroacoustic, Seismic, and Bathymetric Observations of the 2014 Submarine Eruption at Ahyi Seamount, Mariana Arc". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems...

This includes volcanic earthquakes, caldera collapse, explosive submarine eruptions, the effects of pyroclastic flows and lahars on water, base surges...