the vacuum expectation value (also called condensate or simply VEV) of an operator is its average or expectation value in the vacuum. The vacuum expectation...

dielectrics, alter the vacuum expectation value of the energy of the second-quantized electromagnetic field. Since the value of this energy depends on...

may have non-vanishing vacuum expectation values called condensates. In the Standard Model, the non-zero vacuum expectation value of the Higgs field, arising...

massless. At a critical temperature, the Higgs field develops a vacuum expectation value; some theories suggest the symmetry is spontaneously broken by...

tensor is represented as Gμν, then the gluon condensate is the vacuum expectation value ⟨ G μ ν G μ ν ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle G_{\mu \nu }G^{\mu \nu }\rangle...

\left(|h|^{2}-{\frac {v^{2}}{2}}\right)^{2}\ ,} where v {\displaystyle v} is the vacuum expectation value. The   L y   {\displaystyle \ {\mathcal {L}}_{y}\ } term describes...

usually labeled by the vacuum expectation values of scalar fields, as Lorentz invariance forces the vacuum expectation values of any higher spin fields...

metastability event Quantum vacuum expectation value, an operator's average, expected value in a quantum vacuum Quantum vacuum energy, an underlying background...

the vacuum state, its associated zero-point energy is called the vacuum energy and the average energy value is called the vacuum expectation value (VEV)...

giving it a nonzero vacuum expectation value. Such non-invariant local operators always have vanishing vacuum expectation values for finite size systems...

leaving the vacuum empty in the literal sense of the word. One important exception, however, is the vacuum energy or the vacuum expectation value of the energy...

functions, often referred to as correlators or Green's functions, are vacuum expectation values of time-ordered products of field operators. They are a key object...

contribution to a one-point correlation function (i.e., the field's vacuum expectation value). One-loop diagrams with a propagator that connects back to its...

symmetry breaking, these fermions acquire a mass proportional to the vacuum expectation value of the Higgs field. This Higgs-fermion coupling was first described...

our vacuum state finds that it is greater than 10 65 {\displaystyle 10^{65}} years with 95% confidence. Decay to smaller vacuum expectation value, resulting...

This writes the vacuum expectation value of a non-local operator as a sum over VEVs of local operators, i.e., condensates. The value of the correlation...

naturally of the order of the vacuum expectation value of the standard model Higgs field, the vacuum expectation value (VEV) v ≈ 246 G e V , | ⟨ H ⟩ |...

\tau _{xy}^{2}\geq 0~.} This expression can be related to the vacuum expectation value of the commutator of the free scalar field operator, G ret ( x...

The SM uses only 2 parameters: the mass of the Higgs and its vacuum expectation value. The masses of the H and A bosons could be below 1 TeV and the...

squares of fermion masses is very close to half of squared Higgs vacuum expectation value. This sum is dominated by the top quark. The sum of squares of...

extremizing the effective action yields the equations of motion for the vacuum expectation values of the quantum fields. The effective action also acts as a generating...

affects the infrared (IR) physics significantly (e.g. because the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of some field depends sensitively upon the coefficient of...

theory postulates that there is a vacuum state with very large vacuum energy, caused by a non-zero vacuum expectation value of the inflaton field. Any region...

asymmetry of the spectrum of a Dirac operator. For example, the vacuum expectation value of the baryon number is given by the spectral asymmetry of the...

constructed by integrating over all possible fields, normalized by the vacuum expectation value with no external fields, ⟨ Ω | T { ϕ ( x 1 ) ⋯ ϕ ( x n ) } | Ω...

the part of the interaction term that corresponds to the nonzero vacuum expectation value of the Higgs field is moved from the interaction to the free field...

In quantum field theory, gaugino condensation is the nonzero vacuum expectation value in some models of a bilinear expression constructed in theories with...

quantization, the quantum field theory vacuum becomes essentially trivial. In the absence of vacuum expectation values, there is no contribution from quantum...

existence of a vacuum state; he did not find the condition on the vacuum expectation values guaranteeing the uniqueness of the vacuum; this condition...

The potential results in φ {\displaystyle \varphi } having the vacuum expectation value of ⟨ φ ⟩ = f a / 2 {\displaystyle \langle \varphi \rangle =f_{a}/{\sqrt...