A virtual particle is a theoretical transient particle that exhibits some of the characteristics of an ordinary particle, while having its existence limited...

one particle on the other, or in terms of the exchange of virtual force-carrier particles between them. The energy of a wave in a field (for example...

hypothesized microscopic particles in particle physics, condensed matter physics and cosmology. Elementary particles are particles with no measurable internal...

Hawking showed that in theory, black holes radiate particles as if it were a blackbody. Particles escaping effectively drain energy from the black hole...

Higgs boson, sometimes called the Higgs particle, is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics produced by the quantum excitation...

effects. In these situations, a particle's Killing vector may be rotated such that its energy becomes negative. Virtual particles can exist for a short period...

In the physical sciences, a particle (or corpuscle in older texts) is a small localized object which can be described by several physical or chemical properties...

action. The work of a force on a particle along a virtual displacement is known as the virtual work. Historically, virtual work and the associated calculus...

nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge. It is a fundamental particle that comprises the ordinary matter...

In particle physics, a boson (/ˈboʊzɒn/ /ˈboʊsɒn/) is a subatomic particle whose spin quantum number has an integer value (0, 1, 2, ...). Bosons form...

There are several proposed types of exotic matter: Hypothetical particles and states of matter that have not yet been encountered, but whose properties...

physics, a subatomic particle is a particle smaller than an atom. According to the Standard Model of particle physics, a subatomic particle can be either a...

mediated by virtual particles, particles that exist for only a short time determined by the uncertainty principle. The virtual particles, also known as...

In particle physics, a massless particle is an elementary particle whose invariant mass is zero. At present the only confirmed massless particle is the...

A beta particle, also called beta ray or beta radiation (symbol β), is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted by the radioactive decay...

address space in a computer Virtual particle, a type of short-lived particle of indeterminate mass Virtual reality (virtuality), computer programs with an...

In particle physics, a fermion is a subatomic particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics. Fermions have a half-integer spin (spin ⁠1/2⁠, spin ⁠3/2⁠...

steps of a decay, so-called virtual particles. The width of the resonance (Γ) is related to the mean lifetime (τ) of the particle (or its excited state) by...

field theory, virtual particles are termed off shell because they do not satisfy the energy–momentum relation; real exchange particles do satisfy this...

or tachyonic particle is a hypothetical particle that always travels faster than light. Physicists posit that faster-than-light particles cannot exist...

serve to calculate the rate of collisions in quantum field theory, virtual particles contribute their propagator to the rate of the scattering event described...

Wave–particle duality is the concept in quantum mechanics that fundamental entities of the universe, like photons and electrons, exhibit particle or wave...

In particle physics, a hadron is a composite subatomic particle made of two or more quarks held together by the strong nuclear force. Pronounced /ˈhædrɒn/...

In particle physics, every type of particle of "ordinary" matter (as opposed to antimatter) is associated with an antiparticle with the same mass but with...

interact with each other by the exchange of gauge bosons, usually as virtual particles. Photons, W and Z bosons, and gluons are gauge bosons. All known gauge...

describe a collective behavior of a group of particles that can be treated as if they were a single particle. Formally, quasiparticles and collective excitations...

In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle that is not composed of other particles. The Standard Model...

The tau (τ), also called the tau lepton, tau particle or tauon, is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with negative electric charge and a...

A strange particle is an elementary particle with a strangeness quantum number different from zero. Strange particles are members of a large family of...

(/njuːˈtriːnoʊ/ new-TREE-noh; denoted by the Greek letter ν) is an elementary particle that interacts via the weak interaction and gravity. The neutrino is so...