Image noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images. It can originate in film grain and in the unavoidable shot noise of an ideal...

Noise reduction is the process of removing noise from a signal. Noise reduction techniques exist for audio and images. Noise reduction algorithms may distort...

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or S/N) is a measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise. SNR...

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is used in imaging to characterize image quality. The sensitivity of a (digital or film) imaging system is typically described...

Perlin noise is a type of gradient noise developed by Ken Perlin in 1983. It has many uses, including but not limited to: procedurally generating terrain...

Salt-and-pepper noise, also known as impulse noise, is a form of noise sometimes seen on digital images. For black-and-white or grayscale images, it presents...

dark noise variation, which are not intrinsically sensor-size dependent, the noises in an image sensor are shot noise, read noise, and dark noise. The...

intentionally applied form of noise used to randomize quantization error, preventing large-scale patterns such as color banding in images. Dither is routinely...

white noise signal may be sequential in time, or arranged along one or more spatial dimensions. In digital image processing, the pixels of a white noise image...

Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) is a measure used to determine image quality. CNR is similar to the metric signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), but subtracts a term...

evanescent waves and the development of the new super lens. When an image is degraded by noise, there can be more detail in the average of many exposures, even...

as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more), digital image processing may be...

digital filtering technique, often used to remove noise from an image, signal, and video. Such noise reduction is a typical pre-processing step to improve...

Noise, commonly known as static, white noise, static noise, or snow, in analog video, CRTs and television, is a random dot pixel pattern of static displayed...

electronic circuit noise. In digital image processing Gaussian noise can be reduced using a spatial filter, though when smoothing an image, an undesirable...

Shot noise or Poisson noise is a type of noise which can be modeled by a Poisson process. In electronics shot noise originates from the discrete nature...

to human ears, and as images they will have a visibly different texture. Therefore, each application typically requires noise of a specific color. This...

Active noise control (ANC), also known as noise cancellation (NC), or active noise reduction (ANR), is a method for reducing unwanted sound by the addition...

modulation noise Errors and residuals in statistics Fixed pattern noise Flicker noise Gaussian noise Generation-recombination noise Image noise Image noise reduction...

to reduce image noise and reduce detail. The visual effect of this blurring technique is a smooth blur resembling that of viewing the image through a...

images and video subject to lossy compression. PSNR is most easily defined via the mean squared error (MSE). Given a noise-free m×n monochrome image I...

Nikon DSLR featuring a back-illuminated image sensor claiming overall a one-stop image quality (image noise) improvement. This camera was the first full...

image generation by starting with an image composed of random noise, and applying the network iteratively to denoise the image. Diffusion-based image...

noise ratio (imaging), for images Carrier-to-noise ratio, the signal-to-noise ratio of a modulated signal Noise power Noise figure Noise-equivalent flux...

Fixed-pattern noise (FPN) is the term given to a particular noise pattern on digital imaging sensors often noticeable during longer exposure shots where...

signal-to-noise ratio. The Wiener deconvolution method has widespread use in image deconvolution applications, as the frequency spectrum of most visual images is...

Noise shaping is a technique typically used in digital audio, image, and video processing, usually in combination with dithering, as part of the process...

ambiguity of the optical flow equation. It is also less sensitive to image noise than point-wise methods. On the other hand, since it is a purely local...

bilateral filter is a non-linear, edge-preserving, and noise-reducing smoothing filter for images. It replaces the intensity of each pixel with a weighted...

guided filter is an edge-preserving smoothing image filter. As with a bilateral filter, it can filter out noise or texture while retaining sharp edges. Compared...