the pronunciation of the language than alphabetic systems used elsewhere. Several authors have produced reconstructions of Old Chinese phonology, beginning...

Old Chinese, also called Archaic Chinese in older works, is the oldest attested stage of Chinese, and the ancestor of all modern varieties of Chinese...

disputed, most recent reconstructions agree on the basic structure. It is generally agreed that Old Chinese differed from Middle Chinese in lacking retroflex...

distinctions in Old Chinese that vanished in Early Middle Chinese but remained in Proto-Min. Until recently, no reconstructions of Old Chinese specifically accounted...

respectively. By convention, Middle Chinese reconstructions are shown without an asterisk, while Old Chinese reconstructions are almost always shown preceded...

Eastern Han Chinese, Later Han Chinese or Late Old Chinese is the stage of the Chinese language revealed by poetry and glosses from the Eastern Han period...

(Chinese: 李方桂; 20 August 1902 – 21 August 1987) was a Chinese linguist known for his studies of the varieties of Chinese, his reconstructions of Old Chinese...

language family suggested by Laurent Sagart in 1990. Using reconstructions of Old Chinese, Sagart argued that the Austronesian languages are related to...

(Middle Chinese reconstructions added in square brackets are from Baxter 1992.). The idea was used later to revise the reconstruction of the Old Chinese vowel...

proposals remain influential outside of academia. He was also the author of a widely respected reconstruction of Old Chinese.[citation needed] In 1986, Starostin...

Sagart's Old Chinese reconstruction lacking such a phoneme, he mentions that Jacques and Schuessler suggest a /j/ initial for some Old Chinese words due...

Baxter as a reference point for his reconstruction of Old Chinese phonology. The centre of the study of Chinese historical phonology is the Qieyun, a...

linguist specializing in the history of the Chinese language and best known for his work on the reconstruction on Old Chinese. Baxter earned his Ph.D. in Linguistics...

assimilation. Old Chinese probably had some constraint governing the shape of disyllables. According to modern reconstructions of Old Chinese phonology,...

Old Chinese have illuminated the etymology of modern Chinese words.[citation needed] Compare these Middle Chinese and Old Chinese reconstructions of 陰;...

The Karlgren–Li reconstruction of Middle Chinese was a representation of the sounds of Middle Chinese devised by Bernhard Karlgren and revised by Li Fang-Kuei...

morphological divide between Chinese and Tibeto-Burman has been bridged by recent reconstructions of Old Chinese. The internal structure of Sino-Tibetan has been...

reconstructions of Old Chinese generally include liquid medials (/r/ in modern reconstructions, /l/ in older versions), and many reconstructions of Middle...

Shangfang (9 August 1933 – 19 May 2018) was a Chinese linguist, known for his reconstruction of Old Chinese. Zhengzhang was born as Zheng Xiangfang (郑祥芳...

initial clusters such as "tk" and "sn" were analysed in recent reconstructions of Old Chinese, and some were developed as palatalised sibilants. Similarly...

proposed to be contractions by recent scholars, based on recent reconstructions of Old Chinese phonology, epigraphic evidence, and syntactic considerations...

to reconstruct pronunciations of old languages, and are used particularly extensively in the reconstruction of Old Chinese, whose writing system does not...

Chinese reconstructions cited from Baxter & Sagart (2014). 丑: Old Chinese *[n̥]ruʔ (compare Proto-Viet-Muong *c.luː 'water buffalo') 午: Old Chinese *[m]...

Shinpei Ogura pioneering the first reconstructions of all twenty-five hyangga in 1929. The earliest reconstructions by a Korean scholar were made by Yang...

archaic Chinese loanwords that are crucial for the reconstruction of Old Chinese Babaev, Kirill; Samarina, Irina (2021). Sidwell, Paul (ed.). A Grammar of May:...

cognates. Old Chinese, sometimes known as "Archaic Chinese", is ancestral to all current Chinese languages. The first known use of the Chinese writing system...

of Aix-Marseille 1. His early work focused on Chinese dialectology. He then turned his attention to Old Chinese, attempting a reconstruction of Old Chinese...

not found in Middle Chinese or most other modern varieties, and thus provide additional data for the reconstruction of Old Chinese. Jerry Norman reconstructed...

OCLC 9973918681. Valelly, Richard M. (2004). The Two Reconstructions: The Struggle for Black Enfranchisement. University of Chicago Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-226-84530-2...

Chinese (simplified Chinese: 汉语; traditional Chinese: 漢語; pinyin: Hànyǔ; lit. 'Han language' or 中文; Zhōngwén; 'Chinese writing') is a group of languages...