Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related...

and potentially fatal illness caused by botulinum toxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The disease begins with weakness, blurred...

Clostridium botulinum is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacterium with the ability to produce botulinum toxin, which is a...

ethanol (drinking alcohol), glutamate, nitric oxide, botulinum toxin (e.g. Botox), tetanus toxin, and tetrodotoxin. Some substances such as nitric oxide...

botulinum toxin (LD50 2 ng/kg) as the deadliest toxin in the world. However, these tests are conducted solely on mice, which may react to the toxin differently...

treatment may improve symptoms. Most commonly this involves injecting botulinum toxin into the affected muscles of the larynx. This generally results in...

Botulinum toxin therapy of strabismus is a medical technique used sometimes in the management of strabismus, in which botulinum toxin is injected into...

The most common treatment for spasmodic torticollis is the use of botulinum toxin type A. Initial symptoms of spasmodic torticollis are usually mild...

The LD50 of this toxin has been measured to be approximately 1 ng/kg, making it second only to botulinum toxin D as the deadliest toxin in the world. It...

access through the skin. Baclofen can also be taken in tablet form Botulinum toxin injections into affected muscles have proved quite successful in providing...

stretching, physiotherapy, and medication such as NSAIDs. Steroid or botulinum toxin injections may be used in those who do not improve. Surgery is not...

discomfort. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is used as a treatment for bruxism. A 2020 overview of systematic reviews found that botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A)...

sting) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin). Toxins are often distinguished from other chemical agents strictly based...

may be useful adjuncts to treatment. Local intradermal injection of botulinum toxin type A may be helpful in chronic focal painful neuropathies. However...

support for a facial feedback mechanism is provided through the use of botulinum toxin (commonly known as Botox) to temporarily paralyze facial muscles. Botox...

"groundbreaking" by the ASCRS. Scott initially developed botulinum type A neurotoxin (botulinum toxin) to treat strabismus, naming it Oculinum™ (“eye aligner”)...

carbamazepine (an anticonvulsant drug). Microsurgical decompression and botulinum toxin injections are the current main treatments used for hemifacial spasm...

available in China since 2003. Medications such as diazepam, baclofen and botulinum toxin may help relax stiff muscles. Surgery may include lengthening muscles...

procedures, and mole and scar removal surgeries. The former include Botulinum toxin treatments and face lifts, while the latter include shave excision...

which provides the most efficacy with least side effects. Clostridium botulinum toxin (Botox) injections and ultrasound are also sometimes used for cases...

the 2010s. It diversified into aesthetic medicine products with the botulinum toxin Azzalure, a field in which it strengthened in 2010 with the acquisition...

strabismus in certain circumstances. In 1989, the US FDA approved botulinum toxin therapy for strabismus in people over 12 years old. Most commonly used...

tight calf muscles, which can exacerbate plantar fasciitis symptoms. Botulinum toxin A injections as well as similar techniques such as platelet-rich plasma...

positioned, whereupon the injection is completed. Some agents (e.g., botulinum toxin) can be injected at the insertional end of a muscle under visual guidance...

membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The botulinum toxin, which is primarily produced by Clostridium botulinum and less frequently by other Clostridium...

injuries or traumatically introduced neurotoxin (wasp/bee/snake venom) or botulinum toxin due to the effect of those factors on the CNIII or the sympathetic...

Failed to serialize data. Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAC1 gene. This gene can produce a...

Form of Killing claim that Heydrich died from botulism (Clostridium botulinum) toxin poisoning. According to this hypothesis, based on statements made by...

described a very high rate of symptomatic relief from injection of botulinum toxin into the cricopharyngeus muscle. Uniquely, awareness of the condition...

considered that surgical myotomy provided greater benefit than either botulinum toxin or dilation in those who fail medical management. However, a recent...