the birthday problem asks for the probability that, in a set of n randomly chosen people, at least two will share the same birthday. The birthday paradox...

A birthday attack is a bruteforce collision attack that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday problem in probability theory. This attack can be...

"Cheryl's Birthday" is a logic puzzle, specifically a knowledge puzzle. The objective is to determine the birthday of a girl named Cheryl using a handful...

A birthday is the anniversary of the birth of a person or figuratively of an institution. Birthdays of people are celebrated in numerous cultures, often...

birthday problem asks, for a set of n randomly chosen people, what is the probability that some pair of them will have the same birthday? The problem...

room for whom the probability of completely unique birthdays is less than 50% (the birthday problem, where for 1 person the probability is 365/365 (or...

probability. An example is the birthday problem, which shows that the probability of two persons having the same birthday already exceeds 50% in a group...

This probability can be computed precisely based on analysis of the birthday problem. For example, the number of random version-4 UUIDs which need to be...

Security Symposium. The algorithm is based on a generalization of the Birthday problem which finds colliding hash values. It has severe time-space trade-offs...

coupon collector's problem that further increases the challenge by making some coupons of the set rarer Watterson estimator Birthday problem Here and throughout...

the IV is chosen at random, the probability of collisions due to the birthday problem must be taken into account. Traditional stream ciphers such as RC4...

assignment of k balls into n urns, related to the coupon collector's problem and birthday problem. negative binomial distribution: number of draws before a certain...

"Happy Birthday to You", or simply "Happy Birthday", is a song traditionally sung to celebrate a person's birthday. According to the 1998 Guinness World...

computational complexity theory and quantum computing, Simon's problem is a computational problem that is proven to be solved exponentially faster on a quantum...

collisions is virtually inevitable, even if n is much larger than m—see the birthday problem. In special cases when the keys are known in advance and the key set...

almost an integer, to about 8th decimal place. In a discussion of the birthday problem, the number λ = 1 365 ( 23 2 ) = 253 365 {\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac...

"Happy Birthday, Mr. President" Marilyn Monroe's original performance of the song Problems playing this file? See media help. "Happy Birthday, Mr. President"...

Calloway also scored a minor chart hit with the song that same year. Birthday problem Data dredging The Dark Side of the Rainbow Kennedy curse "Historical...

the superficially easier approach of just understanding the other. Birthday problem Exponential growth Metcalfe's law Curse of dimensionality Information...

a spirited manner." In probability theory, he proposed the famous "birthday problem". He also defined the impossibility of a gambling system. In solid...

Coupon collector's problem Birthday paradox Birthday problem Index of coincidence Bible code Spurious relationship Monty Hall problem Probable prime Probabilistic...

Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 31 May 2016. Weisstein, Eric W. "Birthday Problem". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 19 August 2020. Sloane, N. J. A...

Problem Child is a 1990 American black comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan in his feature film directorial debut and produced by Robert Simonds. The...

Secular Problem of Evil". In Bar-Am, Nimrod; Gattei, Stefano (eds.). Encouraging Openness: Essays for Joseph Agassi on the Occasion of His 90th Birthday. Springer...

novella influenced by Virginia Woolf's The Waves. Her third novel, The Birthday Problem, is a post-apocalyptic science fiction story about a communicable mental...

information specifying the value of x for that many nodes. By the birthday problem, the probability is close to 1 that at least two nodes in that subset...

of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty. Richard von Mises poses the birthday problem in probability. January–February – Discovery of nuclear fission is...

Daniel Dinu Equihash: Asymmetric Proof-of-Work Based on the Generalized Birthday Problem, NDSS 2016, with Alex Biryukov Tradeoff Cryptanalysis of Memory-Hard...

later proved by Borgs, Chayes, and Pittel. A related problem, somewhat similar to the Birthday paradox, is that of determining the size of the input...

function is inherently vulnerable to collisions using a birthday attack. Due to the birthday problem, these attacks are much faster than a brute force would...