An approximation is anything that is intentionally similar but not exactly equal to something else. The word approximation is derived from Latin approximatus...

mathematics, Stirling's approximation (or Stirling's formula) is an asymptotic approximation for factorials. It is a good approximation, leading to accurate...

expansion used in the approximation. The expressions: a zeroth-order approximation, a first-order approximation, a second-order approximation, and so forth are...

Rational approximation may refer to: Diophantine approximation, the approximation of real numbers by rational numbers Padé approximation, the approximation of...

In the mathematical theory of artificial neural networks, universal approximation theorems are theorems of the following form: Given a family of neural...

A minimax approximation algorithm (or L∞ approximation or uniform approximation) is a method to find an approximation of a mathematical function that...

The approximation error in a given data value represents the significant discrepancy that arises when an exact, true value is compared against some approximation...

In models of radiative transfer, the two-stream approximation is a discrete ordinate approximation in which radiation propagating along only two discrete...

In mathematics, the Lanczos approximation is a method for computing the gamma function numerically, published by Cornelius Lanczos in 1964. It is a practical...

quantum chemistry and molecular physics, the Born–Oppenheimer (BO) approximation is the assumption that the wave functions of atomic nuclei and electrons...

successive approximation are a category of strategies in pure and applied mathematics. Successive approximation also may refer to: Successive approximation ADC...

In computer science and operations research, approximation algorithms are efficient algorithms that find approximate solutions to optimization problems...

In number theory, the study of Diophantine approximation deals with the approximation of real numbers by rational numbers. It is named after Diophantus...

In astrodynamics, the patched conic approximation or patched two-body approximation is a method to simplify trajectory calculations for spacecraft in...

In mathematics, low-rank approximation refers to the process of approximating a given matrix by a matrix of lower rank. More precisely, it is a minimization...

Approximations for the mathematical constant pi (π) in the history of mathematics reached an accuracy within 0.04% of the true value before the beginning...

Fitness approximation aims to approximate the objective or fitness functions in evolutionary optimization by building up machine learning models based...

In fluid dynamics, the Boussinesq approximation (pronounced [businɛsk], named for Joseph Valentin Boussinesq) is used in the field of buoyancy-driven...

Boussinesq approximation may refer to several modelling concepts – as introduced by Joseph Valentin Boussinesq (1842–1929), a French mathematician and...

In geometric optics, the paraxial approximation is a small-angle approximation used in Gaussian optics and ray tracing of light through an optical system...

In theoretical physics, the eikonal approximation (Greek εἰκών for likeness, icon or image) is an approximative method useful in wave scattering equations...

can be calculated with reasonable accuracy by the following simple approximations: sin ⁡ θ ≈ tan ⁡ θ ≈ θ , cos ⁡ θ ≈ 1 − 1 2 θ 2 ≈ 1 , {\displaystyle...

enough for calculations in quantum chemistry until the 1990s, when the approximations used in the theory were greatly refined to better model the exchange...

scattering theory and in particular in quantum mechanics, the Born approximation consists of taking the incident field in place of the total field as...

In mathematics, a linear approximation is an approximation of a general function using a linear function (more precisely, an affine function). They are...

In mathematics, approximation theory is concerned with how functions can best be approximated with simpler functions, and with quantitatively characterizing...

Rayleigh–Gans approximation, also known as Rayleigh–Gans–Debye approximation and Rayleigh–Gans–Born approximation, is an approximate solution to light...

CUR matrix approximation is a set of three matrices that, when multiplied together, closely approximate a given matrix. A CUR approximation can be used...

In algebraic group theory, approximation theorems are an extension of the Chinese remainder theorem to algebraic groups G over global fields k. Eichler...

In computer science, hardness of approximation is a field that studies the algorithmic complexity of finding near-optimal solutions to optimization problems...