Citric acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula HOC(CO2H)(CH2CO2H)2. It is a colorless weak organic acid. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits...

The citric acid cycle—also known as the Krebs cycle, Szent–Györgyi–Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)—is a series of biochemical...

cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, amino acid synthesis, fatty acid synthesis and the citric acid cycle. Oxaloacetic acid undergoes successive deprotonations...

amino acid alanine and can be converted into ethanol or lactic acid via fermentation. Pyruvic acid supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle...

known as malates. The malate anion is a metabolic intermediate in the citric acid cycle. The word 'malic' is derived from Latin mālum, meaning 'apple'...

processes; the three main pathways in eukaryotes are (1) glycolysis, (2) the citric acid cycle/oxidative phosphorylation, and (3) beta-oxidation. The overall...

tricarboxylic acid is citric acid. Citric acid, a type of tricarboxylic acid, is used in the citric acid cycle – also known as tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle...

pseudo-igniarius), lichen, and Iceland moss. Fumarate is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle used by cells to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate...

of CO2 is formed.[citation needed] The citric acid cycle is also called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle. When oxygen is present, acetyl-CoA...

post-glycolytic pathways: Fatty acid synthesis Cholesterol synthesis The citric acid cycle which in turn leads to: Amino acid synthesis Nucleotide synthesis...

difference, the more the overlap. In the case of citric acid, the overlap is extensive and solutions of citric acid are buffered over the whole range of pH 2...

organic acids. A few common examples include: Lactic acid Acetic acid Formic acid Citric acid Oxalic acid Uric acid Malic acid Tartaric acid Butyric acid Folic...

to GABA, another neurotransmitter. [1](p.734) The urea cycle and the citric acid cycle are independent cycles but are linked. One of the nitrogen atoms...

the citric acid cycle. It is acted upon by the enzyme aconitase. Aconitic acid can be synthesized by dehydration of citric acid using sulfuric acid: (HO2CCH2)2C(OH)CO2H...

fatty acids yield the most ATP on an energy per gram basis, when they are completely oxidized to CO2 and water by beta oxidation and the citric acid cycle...

mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, generating NADH and FADH2, which are electron carriers used in...

biosynthetic, as citric acid cycle regenerate oxaloacetate when cycle intermediates are removed for biosynthesis. Figure 1: Citric acid cycle The pentose...

synthesize other compounds. α-Ketoglutarate is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle; this cycle supplies the energy used by cells. It is also an intermediate...

enzymes), acetic acid (vinegar is a dilute aqueous solution of this liquid), sulfuric acid (used in car batteries), and citric acid (found in citrus fruits)...

more citric acid than lime juice (about 47 g/L), nearly twice the citric acid of grapefruit juice, and about five times the amount of citric acid found...

Isocitric acid is a structural isomer of citric acid. Since citric acid and isocitric acid are structural isomers, they share similar physical and chemical...

the condensation of acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate) is removed from the citric acid cycle and carried across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the cytosol...

Amino acids also contribute to cellular energy metabolism by providing a carbon source for entry into the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)...

the major functions include oxidation of pyruvate and fatty acids, and the citric acid cycle. The DNA molecules are packaged into nucleoids by proteins...

coprecipitation of casein and whey protein before addition of lactic or citric acid. Rennet is also sometimes used in the processing of other fresh, soft...

system). Fatty acids can only be broken down in mitochondria, by means of beta-oxidation followed by further combustion in the citric acid cycle to CO2...

lipids via acetate generated in fatty acid β-oxidation. The glyoxylate cycle bypasses the steps in the citric acid cycle where carbon is lost in the form...

active ingredients: aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) (ASA), sodium bicarbonate, and anhydrous citric acid. The aspirin is a pain reliever and anti-inflammatory...

acids, where the functional groups are separated by two carbon atoms. Notable AHAs include glycolic acid, lactic acid, mandelic acid, and citric acid...

though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid. It possesses a saline, mildly tart flavor, and is a mild alkali. Sodium...