Electron spectroscopy refers to a group formed by techniques based on the analysis of the energies of emitted electrons such as photoelectrons and Auger...

Auger electron spectroscopy (AES; pronounced [oʒe] in French) is a common analytical technique used specifically in the study of surfaces and, more generally...

Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is a form of electron microscopy in which a material is exposed to a beam of electrons with a known, narrow range...

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a method for studying materials that have unpaired electrons. The...

of any surface. It belongs to the family of photoemission spectroscopies in which electron population spectra are obtained by irradiating a material with...

Electron phenomenological spectroscopy (EPS) is based on the correlations between integral optical characteristics and properties of substance as a single...

Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets electromagnetic spectra. In narrower contexts, spectroscopy is the precise study of color...

High resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) is a tool used in surface science. The inelastic scattering of electrons from surfaces is utilized...

Photoemission spectroscopy (PES), also known as photoelectron spectroscopy, refers to energy measurement of electrons emitted from solids, gases or liquids...

varieties of electron spectroscopy such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy...

across, i.e. too small for UV spectroscopy. Although electron spectroscopy has poorer energy resolution than light spectroscopy, data on properties in visible...

to impact a target material, and X-ray spectroscopy — identification of the photons scattered from the electron beam impact, with the energy/wavelength...

An electron spectrometer is a device used to perform different forms of electron spectroscopy and electron microscopy. This requires analyzing the energy...

circuits. If an electron is excited into a higher state it leaves a hole in its old state. This meaning is used in Auger electron spectroscopy (and other x-ray...

photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is an experimental technique used in condensed matter physics to probe the allowed energies and momenta of the electrons in a...

Likewise, unpaired electrons interact with magnetic fields, yielding the technique of electron paramagnetic resonance. Some forms of spectroscopy involve analysis...

as Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is another close relative of EDS, utilizing ejected electrons in a manner...

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDXS or WDS) is a non-destructive analysis technique used to obtain elemental information about a range of materials...

energies were for electrons emitted from metals and other solid surfaces. In about 1956, Kai Siegbahn developed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for surface...

low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM). In biology, it is called photoelectron microscopy (PEM), which fits with photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), transmission...

control and analysis. Reflection high energy electron diffraction - total reflection angle X-ray spectroscopy is a technique for monitoring the chemical...

Mössbauer spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique based on the Mössbauer effect. This effect, discovered by Rudolf Mössbauer (sometimes written "Moessbauer"...

spectroscopy χ – see magnetic susceptibility AAS – Atomic absorption spectroscopy AED – Auger electron diffraction AES – Auger electron spectroscopy AFM...

Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy or vibrational spectroscopy) is the measurement of the interaction of infrared radiation with matter by absorption...

Time-resolved two-photon photoelectron (2PPE) spectroscopy is a time-resolved spectroscopy technique which is used to study electronic structure and electronic...

Field electron emission, also known as field-induced electron emission, field emission (FE) and electron field emission, is the emission of electrons from...

measured or decomposed along a continuous variable, such as energy in electron spectroscopy or mass-to-charge ratio in mass spectrometry. Spectrum is also used...

photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy, TPEPICO, has two major advantages. Firstly, no kinetic energy electrons are produced in energy ranges with...

photoemission spectroscopy. The energy of photons ( h ν {\displaystyle h\nu } , where h {\displaystyle h} is the Planck constant) emitted when electrons incident...

tunneling spectroscopy (STS), an extension of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), is used to provide information about the density of electrons in a sample...