entropic vector or entropic function is a concept arising in information theory. It represents the possible values of Shannon's information entropy that...

In special relativity, a four-vector (or 4-vector, sometimes Lorentz vector) is an object with four components, which transform in a specific way under...

Entropic gravity, also known as emergent gravity, is a theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force—a force with macro-scale homogeneity...

concept of relative entropy. Because of its connection with the VaR and the relative entropy, this risk measure is called "entropic value at risk". The...

Further inequalities for the entropy function are known to hold, see entropic vector. Matroid rank functions Let Ω = { e 1 , e 2 , … , e n } {\displaystyle...

In vector calculus and physics, a vector field is an assignment of a vector to each point in a space, most commonly Euclidean space R n {\displaystyle...

lossy compression or lossless compression. For graphic design applications, vector formats are often used. Some image file formats support transparency. Raster...

220-222 Hand, pp. 197-198 Robert D. Handscombe, Eann A. Patterson, The Entropy Vector: Connecting Science and Business, p134, World Scientific, 2004, ISBN 981-238-571-1...

In information theory, the entropy of a random variable quantifies the average level of uncertainty or information associated with the variable's potential...

the sample entropy to be S a m p E n = − ln ⁡ A B {\displaystyle SampEn=-\ln {A \over B}} Where A {\displaystyle A} = number of template vector pairs having...

In information theory, the cross-entropy between two probability distributions p {\displaystyle p} and q {\displaystyle q} , over the same underlying...

normal distribution to higher dimensions. One definition is that a random vector is said to be k-variate normally distributed if every linear combination...

maximum entropy principle is in discrete and continuous density estimation. Similar to support vector machine estimators, the maximum entropy principle...

vector to another random vector with same dimension Y = m ( X ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {Y} =m\left(\mathbf {X} \right)} , the corresponding entropies...

described mathematically by a function assigning a vector to each point of space, called a vector field (more precisely, a pseudovector field). In electromagnetics...

Y}=I(Y_{t};X_{t-1:t-L}\mid Y_{t-1:t-L}).} Transfer entropy reduces to Granger causality for vector auto-regressive processes. Hence, it is advantageous...

Applications often exploit the following relation between the Rényi entropy and the α-norm of the vector of probabilities: H α ( X ) = α 1 − α log ⁡ ( ‖ P ‖ α ) ...

type; the base flow of a random dynamical system; the flow of a Hamiltonian vector field on the tangent bundle of a closed connected smooth manifold is measure-preserving...

In cryptography, an initialization vector (IV) or starting variable is an input to a cryptographic primitive being used to provide the initial state. The...

Vector quantization (VQ) is a classical quantization technique from signal processing that allows the modeling of probability density functions by the...

which means that this force necessarily stems from a purely entropic effect. This entropic force is very similar to the pressure experienced by the walls...

entropy is not the only reasonable entanglement measure. Some of the other measures are also entropic in character. For example, the relative entropy...

h_{I}=H(X_{i}\colon i\in I)} is their joint entropy, for each subset I {\displaystyle I} . The set of entropic vectors is denoted Γ n ∗ {\displaystyle \Gamma...

magnitude and direction of a force are both important, force is a vector quantity (force vector). The SI unit of force is the newton (N), and force is often...

in natural language processing (NLP) for obtaining vector representations of words. These vectors capture information about the meaning of the word based...

their transformation properties (i.e. whether the quantity is a scalar, vector, matrix or tensor), and whether the quantity is conserved. List of photometric...

-dimensional vector that contains the run of data starting with u ( i ) {\displaystyle u(i)} . Define the distance between two vectors x ( i ) {\displaystyle...

statistical ensemble, phase space, chemical potential, Gibbs entropy, Gibbs paradox Mathematics: Vector Analysis, convex analysis, Gibbs phenomenon Electromagnetism:...

{v^{2}}}={\tfrac {3}{2}}kT.} Considering that the translational motion velocity vector v has three degrees of freedom (one for each dimension) gives the average...

quantum mechanics, wave function collapse, also called reduction of the state vector, occurs when a wave function—initially in a superposition of several eigenstates—reduces...