materials science, a grain boundary is the interface between two grains, or crystallites, in a polycrystalline material. Grain boundaries are two-dimensional...

science, grain-boundary strengthening (or Hall–Petch strengthening) is a method of strengthening materials by changing their average crystallite (grain) size...

Grain boundary sliding (GBS) is a material deformation mechanism where grains slide against each other. This occurs in polycrystalline material under...

Grain boundary migration occurs when a shear stress acts on the grain boundary plane and causes the grains to slide. This means that fine-grained materials...

diffusion from grain boundary – atom from grain boundary diffuses through lattice grain boundary diffusion – atoms diffuse along grain boundary plastic deformation...

polycrystalline solids, segregation occurs at defects, such as dislocations, grain boundaries, stacking faults, or the interface between two phases. In liquid solutions...

occurs when a crack propagates along the grain boundaries of a material, usually when these grain boundaries are weakened. The more commonly seen transgranular...

otherwise corrosion-resistant alloys, when the grain boundaries are depleted, known as grain boundary depletion, of the corrosion-inhibiting elements...

area of grain boundary. The term is commonly used in metallurgy but is also used in reference to ceramics and minerals. The behaviors of grain growth is...

hardening Solid solution strengthening Precipitation strengthening Grain boundary strengthening Where deforming the material will introduce dislocations...

of the grain boundaries. American materials scientist Robert L. Coble first reported his theory of how materials creep across grain boundaries and at...

creating physical barriers from second phase precipitates forming along grain boundaries. There are five main strengthening mechanisms for metals, each is a...

which reduces the grain boundary energy and results in better grain boundary cohesion and ductility. Another form of grain boundary strengthening is achieved...

Microstructural defects: Pores and crystallites tend to have straight grain boundaries following higher density planes. Cleavage: This typically occurs preferentially...

slip plane(s). Hence, dislocations cannot pass from one grain to another across the grain boundary. The following sections explore specific GB requirements...

deformation mechanisms processes include: § Fracturing § Cataclastic flow § Grain boundary sliding § Diffusive mass transfer § Dislocation creep § Dynamic recrystallization...

weighted average of the grain boundary diffusion coefficient and the lattice diffusion coefficient. Diffusion along both the grain boundary and in the lattice...

The grain boundary diffusion coefficient is the diffusion coefficient of a diffusant along a grain boundary in a polycrystalline solid. It is a physical...

intrinsic activation energy and a weaker dependence on grain size. As grain size gets smaller, grain boundary area gets larger, so dislocation motion is impeded...

increasingly large carbide particles form preferentially at grain boundaries, preventing grain boundary sliding at high temperatures. This leads to an increase...

through the crystal grains of a material. In contrast to intergranular fractures, which occur when a fracture follows the grain boundaries, this type of fracture...

benefit greatly from grain boundary engineering. Grain boundary engineering attempts to generate higher amounts of special grain boundaries, characterized by...

grain boundaries. The other process involves differences in stored strain energy between neighboring grains, resulting in migration of existing grain...

the defects, such as grain-boundaries (GB) and vacancies, present in the system and the average grain-size. Graphene grain boundaries typically contain heptagon-pentagon...

of a grain boundary opens diffusion pathways, leading to the activation of one grain in an otherwise inactive microstructure and allowing the grain to rotate...

form in the grain boundaries of stainless alloys. This chemical reaction robs the material of chromium in the zone near the grain boundary, making those...

and a grain boundary. Like a grain boundary, a twin boundary has different crystal orientations on its two sides. But unlike a grain boundary, the orientations...

and local grain boundary bulging, and measuring recrystallized grain size. The nucleation process is triggered at boundaries of existing grains only when...

because an increase in grain boundary area results in increased grain boundary sliding. Chandross & Argibay modeled grain boundary sliding as viscous flow...

unlikely. Grain boundary initiation and interface interaction are more common sources of dislocations. Irregularities at the grain boundaries in materials...