• The principle of microscopic reversibility in physics and chemistry is twofold: First, it states that the microscopic detailed dynamics of particles and...
    9 KB (1,157 words) - 07:53, 17 December 2022
  • principle. The arguments in favor of this property are founded upon microscopic reversibility. Five years before Boltzmann, James Clerk Maxwell used the principle...
    40 KB (6,462 words) - 01:59, 9 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Kinetic theory of gases
    their average distance apart. Due to the time reversibility of microscopic dynamics (microscopic reversibility), the kinetic theory is also connected to the...
    62 KB (8,974 words) - 15:13, 27 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for T-symmetry
    relations. T-symmetry of the microscopic description together with its kinetic consequences are called microscopic reversibility. Classical variables that...
    32 KB (4,422 words) - 23:37, 31 May 2025
  • equilibrium Chemical equilibrium Irreversibility Microscopic reversibility Static equilibrium "Reversible Reaction". lumenlearning.com. Retrieved 2021-01-08...
    6 KB (894 words) - 17:18, 5 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Onsager reciprocal relations
    statistical mechanics as a consequence of the time reversibility of microscopic dynamics (microscopic reversibility). The theory developed by Onsager is much more...
    17 KB (2,579 words) - 12:01, 7 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Laws of thermodynamics
    are derived from statistical mechanics under the principle of microscopic reversibility (in the absence of external magnetic fields). Given a set of extensive...
    20 KB (2,893 words) - 00:42, 19 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Irreversible process
    7850. doi:10.1155/S1026022604401046. Lebowitz, Joel L. (1995). "Microscopic reversibility and macroscopic behavior: Physical explanations and mathematical...
    20 KB (2,521 words) - 13:52, 6 April 2025
  • Thumbnail for Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation
    relations as a consequence of the time reversibility of microscopic dynamics, also known as microscopic reversibility. A body at temperature T radiates electromagnetic...
    27 KB (3,724 words) - 04:30, 26 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Chemical reaction
    organic reactions Mass balance Microscopic reversibility Organic reaction Reaction progress kinetic analysis Reversible reaction IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical...
    66 KB (8,057 words) - 01:14, 16 June 2025
  • In mathematics and physics, time-reversibility is the property of a process whose governing rules remain unchanged when the direction of its sequence...
    8 KB (1,062 words) - 14:21, 6 April 2025
  • way to achieve catalysis. All chemical processes are reversible (law of microscopic reversibility) although some processes have such an energy bias, they...
    57 KB (5,675 words) - 21:17, 31 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction
    notoriously unreactive towards SN2 reactions. Based on the principle of microscopic reversibility, the inert nature of the neopentyl halides towards the SN2 reaction...
    13 KB (1,592 words) - 20:48, 27 January 2025
  • relations were proved on the basis of the time reversibility of microscopic dynamics (microscopic reversibility) as Onsager reciprocal relations. Many physical...
    13 KB (1,888 words) - 02:51, 25 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Enzyme kinetics
    cannot catalyse just one direction, according to the principle of microscopic reversibility). We consider the case of an enzyme that catalyses the reaction...
    72 KB (9,551 words) - 07:46, 27 March 2025
  • {x}}(t)} . The theorem says if the dynamics of the system satisfies microscopic reversibility, then the probability distribution of entropy production in the...
    6 KB (924 words) - 20:48, 1 May 2025
  • way to achieve catalysis. All chemical processes are reversible (law of microscopic reversibility) although some processes have such an energy bias, they...
    3 KB (420 words) - 17:54, 6 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Timeline of thermodynamics
    Loschmidt criticises Boltzmann's H theorem as being incompatible with microscopic reversibility (Loschmidt's paradox). 1877 – Boltzmann states the relationship...
    29 KB (3,324 words) - 04:41, 26 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Hilbert's sixth problem
    achieved starting all the way from an atomistic particle-based microscopically reversible Hamiltonian and subsequently generalized from classical mechanics...
    12 KB (1,409 words) - 22:55, 21 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Hammond's postulate
    due to microreversal. Bema Hapothle Curtin–Hammett principle Microscopic reversibility Bell–Evans–Polanyi principle Fox MA, Whiteshell JK (2004). Organic...
    20 KB (2,565 words) - 14:11, 26 May 2025
  • proved the principle of semi-detailed balance for kinetics without microscopic reversibility. In 1953 he and the mathematician André Petermann discovered the...
    11 KB (1,135 words) - 21:13, 7 June 2025
  • "Nonequilibrium measurements of free energy differences for microscopically reversible Markovian systems", J. Stat. Phys., 90 (5/6): 1481, Bibcode:1998JSP...
    11 KB (1,629 words) - 12:35, 7 November 2023
  • follow the same chemical mechanisms as gluconeogenesis, due to microscopic reversibility, and in this view would have occurred at the same time. Fructose...
    32 KB (3,681 words) - 16:45, 30 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
    positive definite. Statistical mechanics considerations involving microscopic reversibility of dynamics imply that the matrix L {\displaystyle L} is symmetric...
    51 KB (6,336 words) - 01:00, 20 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Hendrik Casimir
    1945 wrote a well-known paper on Lars Onsager's principle of microscopic reversibility. He became a co-director of Philips NatLab in 1946 and a member...
    12 KB (1,148 words) - 06:00, 21 April 2025
  • Loschmidt's paradox (named for Josef Loschmidt), also known as the reversibility paradox, irreversibility paradox, or Umkehreinwand (from German 'reversal...
    13 KB (1,682 words) - 19:55, 18 May 2025
  • position is occupied by the incoming ligand; due to the principle of microscopic reversibility, the departing ligand must also leave from an equatorial position...
    7 KB (783 words) - 11:19, 17 November 2024
  • Hammond Postulate, the Curtin-Hammett principle, and the theory of microscopic reversibility are often applied to organic chemistry. Chemists have also used...
    50 KB (5,561 words) - 07:15, 25 May 2025
  • metal-hydrogen bond is β-hydride elimination. The Principle of Microscopic Reversibility requires that the mechanism of β-hydride elimination follow the...
    19 KB (2,287 words) - 05:02, 19 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Laplace's demon
    thermodynamics. In other words, Laplace's demon was based on the premise of reversibility and classical mechanics; however, Ulanowicz points out that many thermodynamic...
    12 KB (1,410 words) - 17:59, 12 April 2025