fusion power research, the plasma-facing material (or materials) (PFM) is any material used to construct the plasma-facing components (PFC), those components...

blistering, or embrittlement of the material. Tungsten is widely regarded as the optimal material for plasma-facing components in next-generation fusion...

burning plasmas are being actively studied. Development of new technologies in plasma diagnostics, real-time control, plasma-facing materials, high-power...

manipulate ferroelectric domains on nanoscale dimensions Plasma-facing material, the material used to line the reactor vessel in a fusion power reactor...

as plasma-facing materials in such devices. This makes HIDRA one of only a very few fusion devices willing to run liquid lithium as a plasma-facing material...

exposed sections of the plasma-facing inner wall of nuclear fusion reactors. Tungsten, as a plasma-facing component material, features exceptionally low...

particles of a solid material are ejected from its surface, after the material is itself bombarded by energetic particles of a plasma or gas. It occurs naturally...

demands on their insulators, as they must be an electrically insulating, plasma-facing vacuum component which can withstand both thermal and acoustic shocks...

fusion reaction, overcoming the problem of structural damage to plasma-facing materials. The lithium in the mixture breeds tritium. In August 2023, General...

radioactive due to neutrons impinging upon them. It is hoped that plasma facing materials will be developed so that wastes produced in this way will have...

from the magnetically confined plasma to dedicated plasma-facing components, thus spatially separating the region plasma-surface interactions from the...

issues for commercial fusion power development is the choice of material for the plasma-facing portions of the reactor vessel, also known as the first wall...

dusty plasma is a plasma containing micrometer (10−6) to nanometer (10−9) sized particles suspended in it. Dust particles are charged and the plasma and...

and related materials processing varies from about 10−4 in typical capacitive discharges to as high as 5–10% in high-density inductive plasmas. Processing...

data on the plasma-facing materials degradation under neutron irradiation during the life-time of a fusion reactor. The main source of materials degradation...

chamber to strike a target of the material that is to be deposited. This material is vaporized from the target (in a plasma plume) which deposits it as a...

stellarators, is understanding the physics of the plasma boundary and its interactions with plasma-facing components (PFCs), typically in the form of divertors...

spacecraft propulsion where an onboard magnetic field source interacts with a plasma wind (e.g., the solar wind) to form an artificial magnetosphere (similar...

Fusion For Energy agency. When the ITER tokamak is in operation, the plasma-facing units endure heat spikes as high as 20 megawatts per square metre, which...

Thermoelectric materials show the thermoelectric effect in a strong or convenient form. The thermoelectric effect refers to phenomena by which either...

is where the modified compounds leave. The trans face is usually facing the plasma membrane, which is where most of the substances the Golgi apparatus...

welding Plasma arc welding, also called powder plasma welding Thermal spraying Cold polymer compounds Laser cladding Hardpaint Commonly applied materials include...

"inflated" by plasma originating from the Sun, known as the solar wind. Outside the heliosphere, this solar plasma gives way to the interstellar plasma permeating...

the solar wind as it is strongly affected by the magnetic field of the plasma of the solar wind. The ion tail follows the magnetic field lines rather...

Steady State Superconducting Tokamak) is a plasma confinement experimental device in the Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), an autonomous research institute...

acceleration Plasma channel Plasma cleaning Plasma containment Plasma cosmology Plasma diagnostics Plasma facing material Plasma fountain Plasma gasification...

opposite-facing layers of uniformly arranged phospholipids. Each phospholipid is made of one phosphate head and two fatty acid tails. The plasma membrane...

applications. DRIE of glass requires high plasma power, which makes it difficult to find suitable mask materials for truly deep etching. Polysilicon and...

plasma mostly consists of electrons, protons and alpha particles with kinetic energy between 0.5 and 10 keV. The composition of the solar wind plasma...

with 0.5 MA plasma current Schemes for controlling plasma instabilities through real-time diagnostics Materials for diverters and plasma facing components...