The proportionality bias, also known as major event/major cause heuristic, is the tendency to assume that big events have big causes. It is a type of cognitive...

Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm and/or rationality in judgment. They are often studied in psychology, sociology and behavioral...

that the differences grow proportionally to the magnitude of the data, then the data is said to have a 'proportional bias'. There are many methods for...

In electronics, biasing is the setting of DC (direct current) operating conditions (current and voltage) of an electronic component that processes time-varying...

In statistics, the bias of an estimator (or bias function) is the difference between this estimator's expected value and the true value of the parameter...

The Lutz–Kelker bias is a supposed systematic bias that results from the assumption that the probability of a star being at distance s {\displaystyle s}...

exploits several important cognitive biases, including proportionality bias, attribution bias, and confirmation bias. Their arguments often take the form...

party-list proportional representation exist. Different apportionment methods may favor smaller or larger parties: D'Hondt method (biased towards large...

Seat bias is a property describing methods of apportionment. These are methods used to allocate seats in a parliament among federal states or among political...

Proportionality for solid coalitions (PSC) is a criterion of proportionality for ranked voting systems. It is an adaptation of the quota rule to voting...

A status quo bias or default bias is a cognitive bias which results from a preference for the maintenance of one's existing state of affairs. The current...

which are of whole numbers, are as proportional as possible. Although all of these methods approximate proportionality, they do so by minimizing different...

In evolutionary biology, developmental bias refers to the production against or towards certain ontogenetic trajectories which ultimately influence the...

The development of conspiracy theories is further prompted by the proportionality bias that results from climate change — an event of mass scale and a great...

i.e. a party with 30% of votes would receive 30% of seats. Exact proportionality is not possible because only whole seats can be distributed. Different...

another. STV is a family of multi-winner proportional representation electoral systems. The proportionality of its results and the proportion of votes...

conservatism bias is a bias which refers to the tendency to revise one's belief insufficiently when presented with new evidence. This bias describes human...

the process gain and inversely proportional to proportional gain. SSE may be mitigated by adding a compensating bias term to the setpoint AND output...

Biasing is the setting of the DC operating point of an electronic component. For bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), the operating point is defined as...

component, some of which corresponds to the bias frame, and some of which is due to dark current and is proportional to the exposure time, it is possible to...

hypothesis tests are invalid. This is known as attenuation bias. Bias (statistics) Cognitive bias Correction for measurement error (for Pearson correlations)...

source of bias. A major challenge in conducting observational studies is to draw inferences that are acceptably free from influences by overt biases, as well...

Bias in the introduction of variation ("arrival bias") is a theory in the domain of evolutionary biology that asserts biases in the introduction of heritable...

However, it performs poorly when judged by most other metrics of proportionality. The rule typically gives large parties an excessive number of seats...

big as it is now, it will grow 10 times as fast. If the constant of proportionality is negative, then the quantity decreases over time, and is said to...

against bias is the need to maintain public confidence in the legal system. Bias can take the form of actual bias, imputed bias, or apparent bias. Actual...

Regression dilution, also known as regression attenuation, is the biasing of the linear regression slope towards zero (the underestimation of its absolute...

a constant, i.e. the hazards are proportional. Often there is an intercept term (also called a constant term or bias term) used in regression models....

time-varying currents and voltages in the circuit) are small relative to the DC bias currents and voltages. A small-signal model is an AC equivalent circuit in...

diode designed to exploit the voltage-dependent capacitance of a reverse-biased p–n junction. Varactors are used as voltage-controlled capacitors. They...