Radiative forcing (or climate forcing) is a concept used in climate science to quantify the change in energy balance in Earth's atmosphere. Various factors...

cloud-free conditions, is described as cloud forcing, cloud radiative forcing (CRF) or cloud radiative effect (CRE) At the top of the atmosphere, it...

greenhouse gas lifetimes, radiative efficiencies and metrics (PDF), IPCC, 2021, p. 7SM-24. National Research Council (2005). Radiative Forcing of Climate Change:...

by smaller forcing values. Forcings from such investigations have also been analyzed and reported at decadal time scales. Radiative forcing leads to long-term...

: 82  Methane's radiative forcing (RF) of climate is direct,: 2  and it is the second largest contributor to human-caused climate forcing in the historical...

reflect incoming solar radiation, resulting in a net increase in radiative forcing. In 1992, this warming effect was estimated between 3.5 mW/m2 and...

radiation with the surface and limit radiative heat flow away from it, which reduces the overall rate of upward radiative heat transfer.: 139  The increased...

increase in GHGs will slow down the rate of radiative cooling to space, i.e. produce a radiative forcing until a saturation point is reached. At steady...

Winker, D.; Stevens, B. (1 November 2019). "Bounding Global Aerosol Radiative Forcing of Climate Change". Reviews of Geophysics. 58 (1): e2019RG000660....

understanding, nitrogen oxides, contrails and particulates. Their radiative forcing is estimated at 1.3–1.4 that of CO2 alone, excluding induced cirrus...

on Monte Carlo methods in probability density function analysis of radiative forcing. Monte Carlo methods are used in various fields of computational biology...

multi-layered atmosphere is governed by radiative transfer equations such as Schwarzschild's equation for radiative transfer (or more complex equations if...

and radiative cooling to take place. Heat shield Optical solar reflector, used for thermal control of spacecraft Passive cooling Radiative forcing Stefan–Boltzmann...

averaged radiative forcing after carbon dioxide (CO2), and that the radiative forcing of black carbon is "as much as 55% of the CO2 forcing and is larger...

has a radiative core surrounded by a convective envelope, and at the boundary of these two is the tachocline. However, brown dwarfs lack radiative cores...

Look up forcing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Forcing may refer to: Forcing (mathematics), a technique for obtaining independence proofs for set...

short-lived and mostly produce negative radiative forcing; Natural factors have made small contributions to radiative forcing over the past century) Confidence...

have produced 0.34 ± 0.03 W/m2 of radiative forcing, corresponding to about 14 percent of the total radiative forcing from increases in the concentrations...

RCP4.5, RCP6, and RCP8.5 – are labelled after a possible range of radiative forcing values in the year 2100 (2.6, 4.5, 6, and 8.5 W/m2, respectively)...

amount of energy radiated back to space has risen from 1.7 W/m2 in 1980, to 3.1 W/m2 in 2019. This imbalance—called radiative forcing—means that the Earth...

direct radiative forcing of atmospheric black carbon is +0.71 W/m2 with 90% uncertainty bounds of (+0.08, +1.27) W/m2" with "total direct forcing by all-black...

energy flows reduce radiative surface cooling (net upward radiative energy flow). Latent heat transport and thermals provide non-radiative surface cooling...

gases over the past several decades contributes more than 10% of the radiative forcing which drives global climate change as of year 2020. Moreover, the...

activities can also impose forcings, for example, through changing the composition of Earth's atmosphere. Radiative forcing is a measure of how various...

period. Natural gas is thus a potent greenhouse gas due to the strong radiative forcing of methane in the short term, and the continuing effects of carbon...

human actions. The main value to quantify and compare climate forcings is radiative forcing. The Sun is the predominant source of energy input to the Earth...

as passive radiative cooling, daytime passive radiative cooling, radiative sky cooling, photonic radiative cooling, and terrestrial radiative cooling. PDRC...

of Cia[when defined as?] due to contrails, IPCC estimates positive radiative forcing around 0.01 Wm−2.[citation needed] When annotating the weather data...

function, erf Exponential response formula Effective radiative forcing, a concept to compare radiative forcing in climate models ERF (gene), coding for ETS domain-containing...

between 3.5 mW/m2 and 17 mW/m2 – hundreds of times smaller than the radiative forcing from major greenhouse gases. However, some scientists argued that...