• Thumbnail for Samʾal
    Luwian Inscription from Pancarlı Höyük: Language and Power in Early Iron Age Samʾal-YʾDY". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 75 (1). University of Chicago Press:...
    35 KB (4,424 words) - 14:15, 22 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Sam'al lions
    The Sam'al lions are a number of lion-shaped statues from Sam'al, the modern Zincirli, which are currently located in the Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin...
    3 KB (427 words) - 12:21, 3 March 2024
  • Thumbnail for Syria
    central Asia Minor (modern Turkey), including Palistin, Carchemish and Sam'al. A Canaanite group known as the Phoenicians came to dominate the coasts...
    265 KB (25,396 words) - 09:36, 30 June 2025
  • 23 (2): 371–387 Dion, Paul-E. (1978). "The Language Spoken in Ancient Samʾal". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 37 (2): 115–18. JSTOR 545138. Accessed...
    5 KB (560 words) - 10:54, 11 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Ḫepat
    to be worshiped in the first millennium BCE in states such as Tabal and Samʾal. The goddess Hipta, known from Lydia and from later Orphic sources, is sometimes...
    45 KB (5,935 words) - 18:47, 17 April 2025
  • Thumbnail for Umayyad Caliphate
    Aram-Rehob Hamath Sea Peoples Syro-Hittite states Unqi-Pattina Palistin Sam'al Luhuti Philistia Israel and Judah Cilicia Neo-Assyrian Empire Neo-Babylonian...
    113 KB (14,440 words) - 18:39, 2 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Suppiluliuma II of Pattin
    an alliance with the other Neo-Hittite states Bit-Adini, Carchemish and Samʾal against the Neo-Assyrian king Shalmaneser III. They were defeated near Lutibu...
    3 KB (398 words) - 20:38, 23 December 2024
  • Thumbnail for Ephesus
    Khashshum Kussara Matiate Nevalı Çori Nicopolis in Cilicia Nisibis Sakçagözü Sam'al Samosata Sareisa Seleucia at the Zeugma Sitai Sultantepe Tille Tushhan Urima...
    64 KB (7,310 words) - 02:12, 23 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Beirut
    Aram-Damascus Aram Rehob Bit-Adini Bit Agusi Bit Bahiani Geshur Hamath Sam'al Zobah Neo-Assyrian Empire Neo-Babylonian Empire Canaan Ammon Edom Israel...
    149 KB (14,131 words) - 19:57, 27 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Troy
    Khashshum Kussara Matiate Nevalı Çori Nicopolis in Cilicia Nisibis Sakçagözü Sam'al Samosata Sareisa Seleucia at the Zeugma Sitai Sultantepe Tille Tushhan Urima...
    88 KB (9,882 words) - 07:53, 21 June 2025
  • Amir S. (2009). "New Excavations at Zincirli Höyük in Turkey (Ancient Samʾal) and the Discovery of an Inscribed Mortuary Stele". Bulletin of the American...
    19 KB (1,345 words) - 06:03, 26 May 2025
  • of the city Carchemish, Ēnī]-il of the land Hamath, Panammû of the city Samʾal, Tarḫulara of the city Gurgum, Sulu[mal of the land Melid, Dadīlu of the...
    5 KB (566 words) - 23:08, 1 January 2024
  • Thumbnail for Antioch
    Khashshum Kussara Matiate Nevalı Çori Nicopolis in Cilicia Nisibis Sakçagözü Sam'al Samosata Sareisa Seleucia at the Zeugma Sitai Sultantepe Tille Tushhan Urima...
    68 KB (8,520 words) - 18:07, 12 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Aramaic alphabet
    Aramean cities Amrit Arpad Bit Bahiani Coba Höyük Gidara Hama Qarqar Ruhizzi Sam'al Tell Aran Tell Halaf Til Barsip Upu Zobah Sources Aramaic inscriptions v...
    41 KB (2,320 words) - 17:52, 22 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Side, Turkey
    Khashshum Kussara Matiate Nevalı Çori Nicopolis in Cilicia Nisibis Sakçagözü Sam'al Samosata Sareisa Seleucia at the Zeugma Sitai Sultantepe Tille Tushhan Urima...
    17 KB (1,866 words) - 19:14, 6 March 2025
  • Thumbnail for Kuttamuwa stele
    & Fink, A. (2009). New Excavations at Zincirli Höyük in Turkey (Ancient Samʾal) and the Discovery of an Inscribed Mortuary Stele. Bulletin of the American...
    5 KB (441 words) - 04:25, 20 December 2024
  • Thumbnail for Sphinx
    double sphinx. From Sam'al. 8th century BC. Museum of the Ancient Orient, Istanbul. Hittite sphinx. Basalt. 8th century BC. From Sam'al. Museum of the Ancient...
    45 KB (5,213 words) - 16:26, 2 July 2025
  • Kammanu Kummuh Larisa Lyrnessus Maeonia Percote Pergamon Phocaea Phrygia Samʾal Tabal Thebe Zeleia Aeolis (named after the Aeolian Greeks that colonized...
    15 KB (1,314 words) - 17:18, 23 April 2025
  • Thumbnail for Tel Megiddo
    Aram-Damascus Aram Rehob Bit-Adini Bit Agusi Bit Bahiani Geshur Hamath Sam'al Zobah Neo-Assyrian Empire Neo-Babylonian Empire Canaan Ammon Edom Israel...
    59 KB (6,881 words) - 20:38, 27 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Çatalhöyük
    Khashshum Kussara Matiate Nevalı Çori Nicopolis in Cilicia Nisibis Sakçagözü Sam'al Samosata Sareisa Seleucia at the Zeugma Sitai Sultantepe Tille Tushhan Urima...
    35 KB (3,906 words) - 01:35, 1 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Canaan
    Aram-Damascus Aram Rehob Bit-Adini Bit Agusi Bit Bahiani Geshur Hamath Sam'al Zobah Neo-Assyrian Empire Neo-Babylonian Empire Canaan Ammon Edom Israel...
    130 KB (14,927 words) - 18:57, 27 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Hama
    king of Hamath and Luhuti, tells of an attack by a coalition including Sam'al under Ben-Hadad III, son of Hazael, king of Aram-Damascus. Zakir was besieged...
    50 KB (5,309 words) - 06:57, 2 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Hadad Statue
    8th-century BC stele of King Panamuwa I, from the Kingdom of Bit-Gabbari in Sam'al. It is currently occupies a prominent position in the Vorderasiatisches...
    16 KB (1,666 words) - 20:01, 18 May 2025
  • Thumbnail for Phoenicia
    Aram-Damascus Aram Rehob Bit-Adini Bit Agusi Bit Bahiani Geshur Hamath Sam'al Zobah Neo-Assyrian Empire Neo-Babylonian Empire Canaan Ammon Edom Israel...
    112 KB (12,611 words) - 20:20, 1 July 2025
  • Thumbnail for Ebla
    Aram-Damascus Aram Rehob Bit-Adini Bit Agusi Bit Bahiani Geshur Hamath Sam'al Zobah Neo-Assyrian Empire Neo-Babylonian Empire Canaan Ammon Edom Israel...
    128 KB (13,118 words) - 10:10, 25 May 2025
  • Norte Samar Island Natural Park Samal, Bataan, a municipality in Bataan Sam'al, an ancient Hittite city, now the Zincirli archaeological site in southern...
    1 KB (161 words) - 04:43, 10 February 2023
  • century. Some of the major Aramaean kingdoms included Aram-Damascus, Hamath, Samʾal and Aram-Zobah (in Syria); and Bet-Adini, Bet-Bagyan, Bet-Zamani and Bet-Halupe...
    80 KB (9,332 words) - 12:30, 25 June 2025
  • Thumbnail for Tarḫunz
    "Plenty came down from the heavens and plenty came up from the earth." In Sam'al he appears in an Aramaic version as Hadad of the vineyard (hdd krmn 'Hadad...
    18 KB (2,263 words) - 11:51, 24 June 2025
  • 8th-century BC steles, or fragments of steles, of King Bar-Rakib, from Sam'al. The inscriptions were discovered during the 1888–1911 German Oriental Society...
    5 KB (316 words) - 19:30, 22 December 2024
  • Thumbnail for Ammon
    Aram-Damascus Aram Rehob Bit-Adini Bit Agusi Bit Bahiani Geshur Hamath Sam'al Zobah Neo-Assyrian Empire Neo-Babylonian Empire Canaan Ammon Edom Israel...
    33 KB (4,022 words) - 19:29, 11 June 2025