Sex verification in sports (also known as gender verification, or loosely as gender determination or a sex test) occurs because eligibility of athletes...

from women's sports harms the mental health of transgender people. The controversy has caused debates regarding sex verification in sports. Since the mid-twentieth...

physician, sex is assigned without ambiguity in 99.95% of births. In the remaining cases (1 in 2000), additional diagnostic steps are required and sex assignment...

the Spanish Olympic team in 1986 for failing the gender test is a notable moment in the history of sex verification in sports. Martínez-Patiño was dismissed...

encyklopedie.brna.cz Medicine: Change of Sex. Time. 24 August 1936 Heggie, V. (2010). "Testing sex and gender in sports; reinventing, reimagining and reconstructing...

compete in women's competition'. The 2011 IAAF 'hyperandrogenism policy' stated that: These Regulations replace the IAAF's previous Gender Verification Policy...

field athlete. She competed in sprinting where she was a rival of Fanny Blankers-Koen. When she refused a sex verification test, she was banned from competition...

medical privacy and human rights were violated over the issue of sex verification in sports. It also draws on, but does not centre, the related stories of...

2011 Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, 2021 Sex verification in sports Caster Semenya Maria José Martínez-Patiño Dutee Chand Santhi Soundarajan...

filmmakers not to sell the movie as a "true story". Gender verification in sports Intersex rights in Germany Heinrich "Dora" Ratjen Wallechinsky, David (2012)...

progression and her appearance culminated in World Athletics (formerly called the IAAF) asking her to take a sex verification test to ascertain whether she was...

Disorders of sex development (DSDs), also known as differences in sex development or variations in sex characteristics (VSC), are congenital conditions...

2002 South Australian Ladies Amateur Transgender people in sports Sex verification in sports "Ladies European Tour profile". Ladies European Tour. Archived...

She competes in middle distance track events. She was stripped of a silver medal won at the 2006 Asian Games after failing a sex verification test which...

los doce "testicles at twelve") are children with a specific disorder of sex development. Güevedoces are classified as girls when they are born but, around...

created by Morgan Carpenter of Intersex Human Rights Australia in 2013. The flag was created in July 2013 by Morgan Carpenter of Intersex Human Rights Australia...

professional sports Fairness in Women's Sports Act Mixed-sex sports Sportswear Sex verification in sports Timeline of women's sports Women's Sports Foundation...

Pramanik is incapable of having penetrative sex. In response to allegation of rape and gender representation she said in an interview: "The girl who brought these...

after her gender affirmation surgery. Transgender people in sports Sex verification in sports Transgender people and religion Christianity and transgender...

disorders of sex development, testosterone levels above 5 nmol/L, and androgen sensitivity. She was one of the athletes whose cases were profiled in Phyllis...

media related to Dutee Chand. Rashmi Rocket, Indian sports drama film about sex verification in sports Caster Semenya Santhi Soundarajan Maria José Martínez-Patiño...

Santhi Soundarajan were subject to adverse sex verification testing resulting in ineligibility to compete in organised competitive competition. Stanisława...

sexes. In the great majority of tunicates, mollusks, and earthworms, hermaphroditism is a normal condition, enabling a form of sexual reproduction in...

her gender ambiguity and untimely death. Gender verification in sports "Stanisława Walasiewicz". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 4 December...

metabolites in pregnant mothers and several sex-related changes, including incomplete descent of the testes in their sons. According to the lead author of...

title Einer wie Erika on 25 November 2020 on Ersten Sex verification in sports "Champion Girl Skier In Sex Change ". The Age. 17 June 1968. Retrieved 3 March...

2022 (2): Doha (3000 m, WL), Eugene (Two miles, WL MR) Francine Niyonsaba. sports-reference.com Francine Niyonsaba Archived 2016-08-26 at the Wayback Machine...

X-rays are routinely needed in newborns with hypospadias. Hypospadias can be a symptom or indication of a difference in sex development, but some consider...

Intersex people are born with sex characteristics, such as genitals, gonads and chromosome patterns that, according to the UN Office of the High Commissioner...

intersex issues, sex verification in sports, treatment practices, policy and lived experiences, and the interface between medicine and society. In 2016, she...