The Soviet Union covertly operated the world's largest, longest, and most sophisticated biological weapons program, thereby violating its obligations as...

three types of weapons of mass destruction: nuclear weapons, biological weapons, and chemical weapons. It is one of the five nuclear-weapon states recognized...

A biological weapons program of the People's Republic of China (PRC) was reported to have been active in the 1980s, and is suspected by some governments...

built up a large stockpile of biological agents and weapons. Over the course of its 27-year history, the program weaponized and stockpiled seven bio-agents...

inherited offensive biological weapons program. The agreement's objective was to uncover details about the Soviet's biological weapons program and to verify...

nuclear program, Kazakhstan was also a prominent site of Soviet programs of biological (only Biopreparat outside of Russia) and chemical weapons. The former...

split between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In 1954, the Soviet Union constructed a biological weapons test site called Aralsk-7 there and on the neighbouring...

humans, animals or plants as an act of war. Biological weapons (often termed "bio-weapons", "biological threat agents", or "bio-agents") are living organisms...

world that the Soviet Union had embarked upon an offensive programme aimed at the development and large-scale production of biological weapons. Sverdlovsk...

biological weapons for combat use. The Soviet Union covertly operated the world's largest, longest, and most sophisticated biological weapons program...

accounting of the former Soviet biological weapons program. During a CIA debriefing, Alibek described the Soviet efforts to weaponize a particularly virulent...

Milton; Zilinskas, Raymond A.; Kuhn, Jens H. (2012). The Soviet biological weapons program: a history. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-04770-9...

Shoham, D.; Wolfson, Z. (October–December 2004). "The Russian Biological Weapons Program: Vanished or Disappeared?". Critical Reviews in Microbiology....

German scientists in Soviet program of nuclear weapons, and later his research was used in the Soviet program of biological weapons. Until the end of the...

(2012). The Soviet Biological Weapons Program: A History. Harvard University Press. Leitenberg, M. (2012). North Korean Genocide, Nuclear Weapons, and Food...

producing such weapons has increased. The Soviet Union continued research and production of offensive biological weapons in a program called Biopreparat...

and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. (By 1960, the Soviet biological weapons program also included numerous other research and operational facilities...

nuclear weapons. Pakistan began developing nuclear weapons in January 1972 under Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who delegated the program to the Chairman...

facility. At least in Soviet times the facility was a nexus for biological warfare research (see Soviet biological weapons program), though the nature of...

Antonov Rimmington, Anthony (2018-11-15). Stalin's Secret Weapon: The Origins of Soviet Biological Warfare. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-092885-8...

Popov is a Russian biologist and bioweaponeer formerly in the Soviet biological weapons program. He defected to the West in 1992 and now lives and works in...

not ratify it. China acceded to the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) in 1984 and ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) in 1997. Since 2020...

"Nuclear Weapons States" under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, but is not known to possess or develop any chemical or biological weapons...

biological weapons program), and chemical weapons sites (such as the GosNIIOKhT) in an attempt to avert potential weapons proliferation in the post-Soviet era...

Milton; Zilinskas, Raymond A.; Kuhn, Jens H. (2012). The Soviet Biological Weapons Program: a History (Kindle ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard...

Australia Group. It has signed and ratified the Biological Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention. India is also a subscribing state to...

explanation of the program was "to secure and dismantle weapons of mass destruction in states of the former Soviet Union and beyond". The CTR program funds have...

six to seven nuclear weapons per year. North Korea has also stockpiled a significant quantity of chemical and biological weapons. In 2003, North Korea...

ISBN 978-3-030-73843-3. Rimmington, Anthony (2018-11-15). Stalin's Secret Weapon: The Origins of Soviet Biological Warfare. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-092885-8...

Experimental and Production Base, was one of the premier biological warfare facilities operated by the Soviet Union. It was the only Biopreparat facility to be...