The spin–statistics theorem proves that the observed relationship between the intrinsic spin of a particle (angular momentum not due to the orbital motion)...

relativistic spin–statistics theorem connects electron spin quantization to the Pauli exclusion principle: observations of exclusion imply half-integer spin, and...

spin-statistics theorem in relativistic quantum field theory, particles with integer spin are bosons. In contrast, particles with half-integer spin are...

showed that it was valid under the spin–statistics theorem for the particle exchange to be monoidal (non-abelian statistics). In particular, this can be achieved...

quantum statistics, quantum particles are divided into two further classes on the basis of the symmetry of the system. The spin–statistics theorem binds...

1925 for electrons, and later extended to all fermions with his spin–statistics theorem of 1940. In the case of electrons in atoms, the exclusion principle...

In mathematics and theoretical physics, braid statistics is a generalization of the spin statistics of bosons and fermions based on the concept of braid...

CPT theorem appeared for the first time, implicitly, in the work of Julian Schwinger in 1951 to prove the connection between spin and statistics. In 1954...

⁠1/2⁠. Spin-⁠1/2⁠ objects are all fermions (a fact explained by the spin–statistics theorem) and satisfy the Pauli exclusion principle. Spin-⁠1/2⁠ particles...

amend the spin-statistics theorem. Suppose φ and χ are fields such that, if x and y are spacelike-separated points and i and j represent the spinor/tensor...

Fermi–Dirac statistics is most commonly applied to electrons, a type of fermion with spin 1/2. A counterpart to Fermi–Dirac statistics is Bose–Einstein...

Grassman integration. He gave elegant proofs for the spin-statistics theorem and the CPT theorem, and noted that the field algebra led to anomalous Schwinger...

integer values of spin. In contrast, particles that follow Fermi-Dirac statistics are called fermions and have half-integer spins. At low temperatures...

{⋅, ⋅} is the anticommutator. Note that this disagrees with the spin–statistics theorem, which is for bosons and not parabosons. There might be a group...

theorem (physics) Reeh–Schlieder theorem (local quantum field theory) Spin–statistics theorem (physics) Stone–von Neumann theorem (functional analysis, representation...

electron acts as a fermion by the spin-statistics theorem. Like orbital angular momentum, the spin has an associated magnetic moment, the magnitude of...

of theories such as string theory and loop quantum gravity. The spin–statistics theorem implies that quantization of local, relativistic field theories...

Roman 2000 Duck, Ian; Sudarshan, E C G (March 1998). Pauli and the Spin-Statistics Theorem. WORLD SCIENTIFIC. doi:10.1142/3457. ISBN 978-981-02-3114-9. Penrose...

of statistic, known as braid statistics, which are associated with particles known as plektons. The spin-statistics theorem relates the exchange symmetry...

as bosons or fermions. The spin–statistics theorem of quantum field theory demands that all particles with half-integer spin behave as fermions and all...

distribution in statistics. This energy function only introduces probability biases for a spin having a value and for a pair of spins having the same...

Zeno effect, open quantum system and quantum master equations, spin–statistics theorem, non-invariance groups, positive maps of density matrices, and...

spin-⁠1/2⁠ particles, which means they are fermions according to the spin–statistics theorem. They are subject to the Pauli exclusion principle, which states...

The spin–statistics theorem implies that all bosons have an integer-valued spin. Scalar bosons are the subset of bosons with zero-valued spin. The name...

The Bohr–Van Leeuwen theorem states that when statistical mechanics and classical mechanics are applied consistently, the thermal average of the magnetization...

quantum statistics: fermions obey Fermi–Dirac statistics and bosons obey Bose–Einstein statistics. Their spin is differentiated via the spin–statistics theorem:...

Particle statistics Spin–statistics theorem Indistinguishable particles Maxwell–Boltzmann Bose–Einstein Fermi–Dirac Parastatistics Anyonic statistics Braid...

Particle statistics Spin–statistics theorem Indistinguishable particles Maxwell–Boltzmann Bose–Einstein Fermi–Dirac Parastatistics Anyonic statistics Braid...

electrons with the same spin cannot also be in the same spatial state (orbital). This is a consequence of the spin–statistics theorem and that electrons are...

change. Semi-integer spin particles change the sign of their wave function upon a 360 degree rotation (see more in spin–statistics theorem). Particles for...