An unobservable (also called impalpable) is an entity whose existence, nature, properties, qualities or relations are not directly observable by humans...

Logistic map), in which case the map is said to have unobservable nonperiodicity: p. 18  or unobservable chaos. He and his colleagues (Edward Ott and Celso...

In quantum physics, a virtual state is a very short-lived, unobservable quantum state. In many quantum processes a virtual state is an intermediate state...

estimate, based on observed data, of an unobservable underlying probability density function. The unobservable density function is thought of as the density...

that the universe described by science (including both observable and unobservable aspects) exists independently of our perceptions, and that verified scientific...

context, it is usually understood as what is observable, in contrast to unobservable or theoretical objects. It is generally accepted that unaided perception...

expected value, being the mean of the entire population, is typically unobservable, and hence the statistical error cannot be observed either. A residual...

reality is fundamentally immaterial (e.g., idealism), whether hypothetical unobservable entities posited by scientific theories exist (e.g., scientific realism)...

in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science. This break...

make), if two processes never interact, the lack of synchronization is unobservable and in these applications it is enough for the processes to agree on...

not be certain about the situation they are in (it is "unknown" or "unobservable") and it may not know for certain what will happen after each possible...

{O}}_{v}={\begin{bmatrix}C\\CA\\CA^{2}\\\vdots \\CA^{v-1}\end{bmatrix}}.} The unobservable subspace N {\displaystyle N} of the linear system is the kernel of the...

frequentist confidence interval or Bayesian credible interval bears to an unobservable population parameter: prediction intervals predict the distribution of...

simplest instance a WTA market where the differences between players are unobservable and therefore the probability of each player winning is perceived as...

universe. It represents the boundary between the observable and the unobservable regions of the universe, so its distance at the present epoch defines...

scientific theory reveals nothing known either true or false about nature's unobservable objects, properties or processes. Scientific theory is merely a tool...

thus becomes the criterion by which to judge the reality of (typically unobservable) scientific entities. As Ian Hacking, the main proponent of this formulation...

predictive function g ^ {\displaystyle {\widehat {g}}} and the values of the (unobservable) true value g. It is an inverse measure of the explanatory power of g...

of light rays that are refracted by a moving fluid, allowing normally unobservable changes in a fluid's refractive index to be seen. Because changes to...

on 25 May 2008. Pfitzmann, A., and M. Köhntopp (2000). "Anonymity, Unobservability, and Pseudonymity: A Proposal for Terminology Archived 9 July 2011...

terrestrial horizon, it represents the boundary between the observable and the unobservable regions of the universe, so its distance at the present epoch defines...

Introduction, he held that conventional statistical inference about unobservable population parameters amounts to inference about things that do not exist...

theoretical and mathematical physics and the first mechanistic account of an unobservable physical phenomenon. Huygens worked on the mathematics of light rays...

 3–6 E. Agazzi; M. Pauri (2013). The Reality of the Unobservable: Observability, Unobservability and Their Impact on the Issue of Scientific Realism....

recorders, and also translate into perceptible form events that are unobservable by the senses, such as indicator dyes, voltmeters, spectrometers, infrared...

within the domain of visible and evident things, it tries not to invoke unobservables. The Dogmatic school of ancient Greek medicine employed analogismos...

of i.i.d. random variables. That is, there are underlying, generally unobservable, quantities that are i.i.d. – exchangeable sequences are mixtures of...

Liljequist parhelia, the 90° parhelia (likely unobservable), the second order 90° parhelia (unobservable), the 22° parhelia and more. Artificial parhelic...

of a one-dimensional anharmonic oscillator, avoiding the concrete but unobservable representations of electron orbits by using observable parameters such...

that is not in itself directly relevant, but that serves in place of an unobservable or immeasurable variable. In order for a variable to be a good proxy...