main-group element, a valence electron can exist only in the outermost electron shell; for a transition metal, a valence electron can also be in an inner...

Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory (/ˈvɛspər, vəˈsɛpər/ VESP-ər,: 410  və-SEP-ər) is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry...

has a valence of 4; in ammonia, nitrogen has a valence of 3; in water, oxygen has a valence of 2; and in hydrogen chloride, chlorine has a valence of 1...

conductivity of the solid. In nonmetals, the valence band is the highest range of electron energies in which electrons are normally present at absolute zero...

the need for electron counting: the atoms are drawn showing the valence electrons; bonds are then formed by pairing up valence electrons of the atoms...

the atoms share "valence", such as is discussed in valence bond theory. In the molecule H 2, the hydrogen atoms share the two electrons via covalent bonding...

In chemistry, electron counting is a formalism for assigning a number of valence electrons to individual atoms in a molecule. It is used for classifying...

Core electrons are the electrons in an atom that are not valence electrons and do not participate as directly in chemical bonding. The nucleus and the...

molecular geometries. Valence bond theory complements molecular orbital theory, which does not adhere to the valence bond idea that electron pairs are localized...

organometallic compounds. The rule is based on the fact that the valence orbitals in the electron configuration of transition metals consist of five (n−1)d orbitals...

the valence shell of the atom; a group 17 atom releases more energy than a group 1 atom on gaining an electron because it obtains a filled valence shell...

molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron. With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make radicals highly chemically reactive. Many...

other electron state in the valence band. A hole near the top of the valence band moves the same way as an electron near the top of the valence band would...

the number of valence electrons of the neutral atom in isolation (in its ground state); L is the number of non-bonding valence electrons assigned to this...

and the "rule of eight", which began to distinguish between valence and valence electrons. In 1919, Irving Langmuir refined these concepts further and...

Free electron in physics may refer to: Electron, as a free particle Solvated electron Charge carrier, as carriers of electric charge Valence electron, as...

systems, this was the Hückel method proposed by Erich Hückel. For all valence electron systems, the extended Hückel method was proposed by Roald Hoffmann...

an open shell is a valence shell which is not completely filled with electrons or that has not given all of its valence electrons through chemical bonds...

In chemistry, a lone pair refers to a pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom in a covalent bond and is sometimes called an unshared...

octet rule because they have too few valence electrons and species that happen to follow the octet rule but have electron-acceptor properties, forming donor-acceptor...

both valence electron count and valence orbital type. As chemical reactions involve the valence electrons, elements with similar outer electron configurations...

many-electron quantum-mechanical system. The valence d-subshell "borrows" one electron (in the case of palladium two electrons) from the valence s-subshell...

affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus. The higher the associated electronegativity...

the paramagnetic nature of O2, which valence bond theory cannot explain. In molecular orbital theory, electrons in a molecule are not assigned to individual...

resonance hybrid (or hybrid structure) in valence bond theory. It has particular value for analyzing delocalized electrons where the bonding cannot be expressed...

increases when we go down a group. This is because in periods, the valence electrons are in the same outermost shell. The atomic number increases within...

however, the bands are neither electron-like nor hole-like, and often just called "valence band" as they are made of valence orbitals. The band gaps in a...

is due to the fact that gadolinium valence d-subshell borrows 1 electron from the valence f-subshell. Now the valence subshell is the d-subshell, and due...

The d electron count or number of d electrons is a chemistry formalism used to describe the electron configuration of the valence electrons of a transition...

lone pair of valence electrons. They also fill the core levels of an atom. Because the spins are paired, the magnetic moment of the electrons cancel one...