In thermodynamics, an activity coefficient is a factor used to account for deviation of a mixture of chemical substances from ideal behaviour. In an ideal...

which are different. However, the activity coefficients are similar.[citation needed] When the activity coefficient is close to 1, the substance shows...

coefficient, mixed ion activity coefficients, and salt solubility. They can be used to calculate mixed ion activity coefficients and water activities...

dilution activity coefficient γc depends on the concentration and must be determined at the concentration of interest. The activity coefficient can also...

introduced the concept of the activity coefficient, the model could be used to derive an expression for the activity coefficients γ i {\displaystyle \gamma...

dissolved electrolyte can be linked to the statistical component of the activity coefficient of the electrolyte and to the ratio between the apparent molar volume...

concentrations. For a given dissolved species, its chemical activity (a) is the product of its activity coefficient (γ) by its molar (mol/L solution), or molal (mol/kg...

P_{X}} in bar is used. If it can be assumed that the quotient of activity coefficients, Γ {\displaystyle \Gamma } , is constant over a range of experimental...

equal to the formal concentration times the activity coefficient. These unit-less activity coefficients are close to 1.00 for very dilute water solutions...

electrolyte solution but nevertheless gave accurate predictions of mean activity coefficients for ions in dilute solution. The Debye–Hückel equation provides...

thermodynamics, UNIQUAC (a portmanteau of universal quasichemical) is an activity coefficient model used in description of phase equilibria. The model is a so-called...

pressure-explicit activity coefficient model. Similarly, the excess enthalpy is related to derivatives of the activity coefficients via H i E ¯ = − R...

activity coefficient through the osmotic coefficient. In a single solute solution, the (molality based) osmotic coefficient and the solute activity coefficient...

}{\tilde {V}}_{3}+\ldots } . For concentrated ionic solutions the activity coefficient of the electrolyte is split into electric and statistical components...

In the physical sciences, a partition coefficient (P) or distribution coefficient (D) is the ratio of concentrations of a compound in a mixture of two...

fugacity coefficient in place of activity coefficient. In the real world, for example, when making ammonia in industry, fugacity coefficients must be taken...

In economics, the Gini coefficient (/ˈdʒiːni/ JEE-nee), also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to...

like the Gini coefficient and specific income ratios. Income from black market economic activity is not included. The Gini coefficient is a number between...

\gamma _{v}} is the activity coefficient of the solvent. The product γ v x v {\displaystyle \gamma _{v}x_{v}} is also known as the activity of the solvent...

single-ion activity coefficients in electrolyte solutions at relatively high concentrations. It does so by taking into consideration interaction coefficients between...

azeotrope. Added in the liquid phase, the new component can alter the activity coefficient of various compounds in different ways thus altering a mixture's...

activity coefficients, to become a quotient of concentrations. See Equilibrium chemistry § Equilibrium constant for details. Moreover, the activity of...

thermodynamic equilibrium properties such as activity coefficients, solubility, partition coefficients, vapor pressure and free energy of solvation....

re-parameterize the chemical potential in solution as a dimensionless activity or activity coefficient, that quantifies the deviation of μ i {\displaystyle \mu _{i}}...

(UNIQUAC Functional-group Activity Coefficients) is a semi-empirical system for the prediction of non-electrolyte activity in non-ideal mixtures. UNIFAC...

extension of Debye–Hückel theory which can be used to calculate activity coefficients of electrolyte solutions at relatively high concentrations at 25 °C...

numerator, activities of the reactants are placed in the denominator. See activity coefficient for a derivation of this expression. Since activity is the...

system. Whereas excess properties and excess models (also known as activity coefficient models) typically concern themselves with strictly liquid-phase systems...

≡ l w x w {\displaystyle a_{w}\equiv l_{w}x_{w}} where lw is the activity coefficient of water and xw is the mole fraction of water in the aqueous fraction...

Debye–Hückel theory at low concentrations. Autosolvolysis Osmotic coefficient Activity coefficient Ion transport number Ion association Molar conductivity Laidler...