In particle physics, the baryon number (B) is an additive quantum number of a system. It is defined as B = 1 3 ( n q − n q ¯ ) , {\displaystyle B={\frac...

non-zero value of baryons over photons (≈ 5−10) in the current Universe More unsolved problems in physics In physical cosmology, the baryon asymmetry problem...

of baryons is: S = n U {\displaystyle \mathbf {S} =n\mathbf {U} } where n is the number density of baryons in the local rest frame of the baryon fluid...

In particle physics, a baryon is a type of composite subatomic particle that contains an odd number of valence quarks, conventionally three. Protons and...

According to the Standard Model, the proton, a type of baryon, is stable because baryon number (quark number) is conserved (under normal circumstances; see Chiral...

may be insufficient to explain the total baryon number of the observed universe if the initial baryon number of the universe at the time of the Big Bang...

isospin (T3) baryon number (B) lepton number (L) In some theories, such as the grand unified theory, the individual baryon and lepton number conservation...

quark–antiquark pair (thus have a baryon number of 0), while baryons are made of three quarks (thus have a baryon number of 1). This article discusses the...

number minus lepton number is also always conserved.      n → p + e− + ν e Hence neutron decay conserves baryon number B and lepton number L separately, so...

categorized into two broad families: baryons, made of an odd number of quarks (usually three) and mesons, made of an even number of quarks (usually two: one quark...

universe to produce baryonic asymmetry, the observation that only matter (baryons) and not antimatter (antibaryons) is detected in universe other than in...

are both baryons, the mass number A is identical with the baryon number B of the nucleus (and also of the whole atom or ion). The mass number is different...

Baryons are composite particles made of three quarks, as opposed to mesons, which are composite particles made of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks...

antiquark–antilepton sense), baryon number and lepton number, are conserved in the Standard Model. A baryon such as the proton or neutron has a baryon number of one, and...

stability of the skyrmion can be interpreted as a statement that the baryon number is conserved; i.e. that the proton does not decay. The Skyrme Lagrangian...

(defined by strangeness S, charm C, bottomness B′, topness T′, and baryon number B). Mathematically, hypercharge is Y = B + C − S + T ′ − B ′   . {\displaystyle...

of three antileptons. In order to cross this barrier and change the baryon number, a system must either tunnel through the barrier (in which case the...

of baryon number, that is, the non-decay of the nucleon. The local topological winding number density is identified with the local baryon number density...

(electron capture) proton to neutron so the number of individual quarks doesn't change. It is only the baryon flavor that changes, here labelled as the...

The baryon number in SM is only conserved at the classical level. There are non-perturbative effects that do not conserve baryon number: Baryon Number Violation...

processes baryon number is also non-conserved, and thus baryons should have been created along with leptons. Such non-conservation of baryon number is indeed...

have a baryon number of ⁠++1/3⁠, and antiquarks of ⁠−+1/3⁠, the pentaquark would have a total baryon number of 1, and thus would be a baryon. Further...

convention is observed, the baryon number is left unchanged, but the difference B − L is replaced with a sum: B + L , whose number value remains unchanged...

already for baryon number) or beauty is a flavour quantum number reflecting the difference between the number of bottom antiquarks (nb) and the number of bottom...

common baryons are the proton and the neutron, the building blocks of the atomic nucleus. A great number of hadrons are known (see list of baryons and list...

baryon number and lepton number are no longer conserved by all of the renormalizable couplings in the theory. Since baryon number and lepton number conservation...

leptons (such as positrons), allowing violation of the conservation of baryon number thus permitting proton decay. However, the Hyper-Kamiokande has put...

a quantum number which is the difference between the baryon number (B) and the lepton number (L) of a quantum system. This quantum number is the charge...

doi:10.1103/PhysRev.86.663. ISSN 0031-899X. Pais, A. (October 1953). "On the Baryon–meson–photon System". Progress of Theoretical Physics. 10 (4): 457–469....

Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula (sometimes known as the NNG formula) relates the baryon number B, the strangeness S, the isospin I3 of quarks and hadrons to the electric...