In a plasma, the Boltzmann relation describes the number density of an isothermal charged particle fluid when the thermal and the electrostatic forces...

The Stefan–Boltzmann law, also known as Stefan's law, describes the intensity of the thermal radiation emitted by matter in terms of that matter's temperature...

Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, or Maxwell(ian) distribution, is a particular probability distribution named after James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann....

A Boltzmann machine (also called Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model with external field or stochastic Ising model), named after Ludwig Boltzmann, is a spin-glass...

In statistical mechanics and mathematics, a Boltzmann distribution (also called Gibbs distribution) is a probability distribution or probability measure...

vd/F; kB is the Boltzmann constant; T is the absolute temperature. This equation is an early example of a fluctuation-dissipation relation. Note that the...

The Boltzmann constant (kB or k) is the proportionality factor that relates the average relative thermal energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic...

the field lines from crest to trough to satisfy the Boltzmann relation. The dispersion relation is ω 2 = Ω c 2 + k 2 v s 2 {\displaystyle \omega ^{2}=\Omega...

massless and to redistribute themselves instantaneously according to the Boltzmann relation. Only rarely, e.g. in the lower hybrid oscillation, will a mode depend...

lunar crater Boltzmann distribution Boltzmann equation Boltzmann's entropy formula Boltzmann relation Stefan–Boltzmann law Stefan–Boltzmann constant This...

In statistical mechanics, Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics describes the distribution of classical material particles over various energy states in thermal...

Restricted Boltzmann machine Boltzmann–Matano analysis Boltzmann relation Boltzmann sampler Boltzmann selection Lattice Boltzmann methods Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution...

The Poisson–Boltzmann equation describes the distribution of the electric potential in solution in the direction normal to a charged surface. This distribution...

entropy is not a fundamental thermodynamic relation but rather a consequence of the form of the generalized Boltzmann distribution. Furthermore, it has been...

the Boltzmann relation: n e ∝ exp ⁡ ( e Φ / k B T e ) . {\displaystyle n_{e}\propto \exp(e\Phi /k_{\text{B}}T_{e}).} Differentiating this relation provides...

A restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) (also called a restricted Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model with external field or restricted stochastic Ising–Lenz–Little...

constant) is denoted by the symbol R or R. It is the molar equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per amount...

density. A common example is to assume that the electrons satisfy the Boltzmann relation: n e ∝ exp ⁡ ( e Φ / k B T e ) . {\displaystyle n_{\text{e}}\propto...

In astrophysics, the mass–luminosity relation is an equation giving the relationship between a star's mass and its luminosity, first noted by Jakob Karl...

The lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM), originated from the lattice gas automata (LGA) method (Hardy-Pomeau-Pazzis and Frisch-Hasslacher-Pomeau models),...

Bernoulli (1738) and more fully by Rudolf Clausius (1857), Maxwell and Boltzmann. This law was the first physical law to be expressed in the form of an...

quantum Boltzmann gas is the same as that of a classical ideal gas except for the specification of these constants. The results of the quantum Boltzmann gas...

and the Boltzmann constant. For a gas of known molecular character and pressure, this provides a relation between temperature and the Boltzmann constant...

The Stefan–Boltzmann law gives the total power (energy/second) that the Sun emits: where σ {\displaystyle \sigma \,} is the Stefan–Boltzmann constant,...

In thermodynamics, the fundamental thermodynamic relation are four fundamental equations which demonstrate how four important thermodynamic quantities...

u ( x ) {\displaystyle n_{0}\,u_{0}=n_{\mathrm {i} }(x)\,u(x)} . Boltzmann relation for the electrons: Since most of the electrons are reflected, their...

the 1870s with the work of Boltzmann, much of which was collectively published in his 1896 Lectures on Gas Theory. Boltzmann's original papers on the statistical...

measurements, and derived by Ludwig Boltzmann from fundamental statistical principles. This relation is known as Stefan–Boltzmann law. The microscopic theory...

The Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Neo-Latin Studies (LBI; German: Ludwig Boltzmann Institut für Neulateinische Studien) in Innsbruck is a research institute...

revision of the SI now defines the kelvin in terms of energy by setting the Boltzmann constant to exactly 1.380649×10−23 joules per kelvin; every 1 K change...