Galactic Radiation and Background (GRAB) was the first successful United States orbital surveillance program, comprising a series of five Naval Research...

The cosmic microwave background (CMB, CMBR), or relic radiation, is microwave radiation that fills all space in the observable universe. With a standard...

3 eV/cm3, the galactic magnetic field energy density (assumed 3 microgauss) which is ≈0.25 eV/cm3, or the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation energy...

the desired orbit. Galactic Radiation and Background (GRAB) was a series of five Naval Research Laboratory electronic surveillance and solar astronomy satellites...

(USNRL), it shared satellite space with and provided cover for the Navy's GRAB 2 (Galactic Radiation And Background), a secret electronic surveillance program...

a screenshot application Grab (tool), a mechanical device Galactic Radiation and Background, or GRAB, a series of electronic signals intelligence satellites...

package aboard the satellite provided cover for the GRAB (Galactic Radiation and Background) electronic surveillance package, the mission of which was...

scientific package aboard the satellite provided cover for the Galactic Radiation and Background (GRAB) electronic surveillance package, whose mission was...

rays and the decay of radioactive isotopes are the primary sources of natural ionizing radiation on Earth, contributing to background radiation. Ionizing...

The observed X-ray background is thought to result from, below 0.3 keV, galactic X-ray emission, the galactic X-ray background, and, above 0.3 keV, from...

goals were to investigate the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB or CMBR) of the universe and provide measurements that would help shape the understanding...

extragalactic background light (EBL) is all the accumulated radiation in the universe due to star formation processes, plus a contribution from active galactic nuclei...

and the resulting biological effects are distinct from typical terrestrial radiation (x-rays and gamma rays, which are low-LET radiation). Galactic cosmic...

leading candidates. Physics portal Cosmic background radiation Cosmic microwave background Cosmic neutrino background Gravitational-wave astronomy O'Callaghan...

brightest radiation source in most frequencies, down to the radio spectrum at 300 MHz (1 m wavelength). When the Sun is quiet, the galactic background noise...

System. On 22 June 1960, a Thor-Ablestar launched the first Galactic Radiation and Background (GRAB) electronic intelligence (ELINT) satellite for the United...

NRO's Program C of the Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL) Galactic Radiation and Background (GRAB) ELINT program, also known as Tattletale. The National Security...

observe the Earth's cloud cover and therefore the first meteorological satellite. NRL's Galactic Radiation and Background I (GRAB I) was the first U.S....

"A Survey of the Cosmic Radiation Exposure of Air Canada Pilots during Maximum Galactic Radiation Conditions in 2009". Radiation Measurements. 49 (1): 103–108...

satellite navigation system. June 22 – The U.S. Navy SOLRAD 1 Galactic Radiation and Background program satellite is successfully launched by the same Thor-Ablestar...

Laboratory (USNRL), it was the fourth in both the SOLRAD and the GRAB (Galactic Radiation and Background) programs. The satellite was to be orbited along with...

and planetary astrophysics, the galactic habitable zone is the region of a galaxy in which life is most likely to develop. The concept of a galactic habitable...

Cosmic infrared background is infrared radiation caused by stellar dust. Recognizing the cosmological importance of the darkness of the night sky (Olbers'...

sharing among the partners. The first US SIGINT satellites, Galactic Radiation and Background (GRAB) were launched in 1960 by the Naval Research Laboratory...

diameter, in construction similar to Vanguard III and the early SOLRAD/Galactic Radiation and Background (GRAB) spacecraft. The satellites massed 16.8 kg...

of either 0.3 M🜨, if it is located within the galactic disk, or 2 M🜨 if it is located in the galactic bulge. The former scenario is the most likely....

supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the galaxy's core region. The radiation from an active galactic nucleus results from the gravitational energy of matter as...

civilizations are to be searched for in the most powerful quasars and in the galactic bulge, at a radiation level higher than 1038 watts, in the wavelengths from...

by large Galactic and extragalactic foreground emissions (e.g., dust, synchrotron and free-free emission, cosmic infrared background), and for observations...

22 – The United States Naval Research Laboratory SOLRAD 1 Galactic Radiation and Background program satellite is successfully launched by a Thor-Ablestar...