The ground state of a quantum-mechanical system is its stationary state of lowest energy; the energy of the ground state is known as the zero-point energy...

United States politics, a swing state (also known as battleground state, toss-up state, or purple state) is any state that could reasonably be won by...

excited state of a system (such as an atom, molecule or nucleus) is any quantum state of the system that has a higher energy than the ground state (that...

one way of finding approximations to the lowest energy eigenstate or ground state, and some excited states. This allows calculating approximate wavefunctions...

significance. For example, the electron configuration of the titanium ground state can be written as either [Ar] 4s2 3d2 or [Ar] 3d2 4s2. The first notation...

Third, the lowest achievable energy (the energy of the n = 0 state, called the ground state) is not equal to the minimum of the potential well, but ħω/2...

used interchangeably with it are the terms zero-point radiation and ground state energy. The term zero-point field (ZPF) can be used when referring to...

{\displaystyle \mu } is less than the ground state energy. Except when specifically talking about the ground state, μ {\displaystyle \mu } can be approximated...

investigate the electronic structure (or nuclear structure) (principally the ground state) of many-body systems, in particular atoms, molecules, and the condensed...

"Ground State" is the second episode of the fourth season of the American television series Angel. In this episode, Wesley, now a hardened demon-hunter/killer...

in the ground state. If it is at a higher energy level, it is said to be excited, or any electrons that have higher energy than the ground state are excited...

plant Ground term, in symbolic logic, a term with no variables Ground (unit), a unit of area used in India Ground (Dzogchen), the primordial state in Dzogchen...

of the electron from the ground state of the atom to the Volkov states. In this model the perturbation of the ground state by the laser field is neglected...

spontaneously. The half-life of a nuclear isomer can even exceed that of the ground state of the same nuclide, as shown by 180m 73Ta as well as 186m 75Re, 192m2...

based on observation of atomic spectra, which is used to predict the ground state of an atom or molecule with one or more open electronic shells. The rule...

containing (4n + 2) π electrons, terminal bonding interaction within ground-state molecules requires overlap of orbital envelopes on the same face of the...

accessible microstates, and there is typically one unique state (called the ground state) with minimum energy. In such a case, the entropy at absolute zero will...

either The ground state, with energy E1; or The excited state, with energy E2, with E2 > E1. The number of these atoms which are in the ground state is given...

vacuum is a hypothetical vacuum state that is locally stable but does not occupy the most stable possible ground state. In this condition it is called...

S1, followed by radiative transition to the ground state or to vibrational states close to the ground state. This transition is called fluorescence. All...

almost always be reabsorbed by another hydrogen atom in its ground state – or from the 2s state by emitting two photons, which is very slow.[clarification...

that can be effectively decoupled from the rest (e.g., the ground state and first excited state of a nonlinear oscillator). There are various proposals....

subatomic particle) transits from an excited energy state to a lower energy state (e.g., its ground state) and emits a quantized amount of energy in the form...

should have 4 orbitals directed towards the 4 hydrogen atoms. Carbon's ground state configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p2 or more easily read: This diagram suggests...

approximations, such as the Hartree–Fock method, can be used to estimate the ground state energy and wavefunction of the atom. Historically, the first attempt...

their preferred ground state by (possibly large) barriers in the potential energy. During a metastable state of finite lifetime, all state-describing parameters...

Tanabe–Sugano diagram, the ground state is used as a constant reference, in contrast to Orgel diagrams. The energy of the ground state is taken to be zero for...

(combinatorial optimization problems) with many local minima; such as finding the ground state of a spin glass or solving the traveling salesman problem. The term "quantum...

Majumdar–Ghosh ground state are paired into a singlet, or valence bond, the three spins together can never be found to be in a spin 3/2 state. In fact, the...

the environment and come to rest because it is already in its quantum ground state. Time crystals were first proposed theoretically by Frank Wilczek in...