This is a list of rules of inference, logical laws that relate to mathematical formulae. Rules of inference are syntactical transform rules which one...

freely swapped. Rules of inference contrast with formal fallacies—invalid argument forms involving logical errors. Rules of inference belong to logical...

descriptions of redirect targets Rule of inference – Method of deriving conclusions List of rules of inference Theorem – In mathematics, a statement that...

true, the conclusion could not be false. Valid arguments follow a rule of inference, such as modus ponens or modus tollens. Deductive reasoning plays...

systems. List of knapsack problems List of network theory topics List of graphical methods List of mathematics-based methods List of rules of inference A mathematical...

Type inference, sometimes called type reconstruction,: 320  refers to the automatic detection of the type of an expression in a formal language. These...

a valid rule of replacement that allows a conditional statement to be replaced by a disjunction in which the antecedent is negated. The rule states that...

of formal logic, they are known as rules of inference. They are definitory rules, which determine whether an inference is correct or which inferences...

resolution. Both rules are based on the modus ponens inference rule. It is one of the two most commonly used methods of reasoning with inference rules and logical...

abduction, abductive inference, or retroduction) is a form of logical inference that seeks the simplest and most likely conclusion from a set of observations...

not follow a rule of inference, are called formal fallacies. Rules of inference are definitory rules and contrast with strategic rules, which specify...

consequence of P ∨ P {\displaystyle P\lor P} , in the one case, P ∧ P {\displaystyle P\land P} in the other, in some logical system; or as a rule of inference: P...

Bayesian inference (/ˈbeɪziən/ BAY-zee-ən or /ˈbeɪʒən/ BAY-zhən) is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to calculate a probability...

{X} \,Q(x))} A rule of inference is a rule justifying a logical step from hypothesis to conclusion. There are several rules of inference which utilize...

syntax of HM is carried forward to the syntax of the inference rules that form the body of the formal system, by using the typings as judgments. Each of the...

generalization (also known as existential introduction, ∃I) is a valid rule of inference that allows one to move from a specific statement, or one instance...

typical rule-based system has four basic components: A list of rules or rule base, which is a specific type of knowledge base. An inference engine or...

either axioms, rules of inference, or both as transformation rules for logical expressions in the system. Whereas a rule of inference is always applied...

IT application, business rules can change more frequently than other parts of the application code. Rules engines or inference engines serve as pluggable...

generalizes that of an inference engine, by providing a richer set of mechanisms to work with. The inference rules are commonly specified by means of an ontology...

also known as De Morgan's theorem, are a pair of transformation rules that are both valid rules of inference. They are named after Augustus De Morgan, a...

'abductive inference', but such so-called inferences are not at all inferences based on precisely formulated rules like the deductive rules of inference. Those...

related to the event. For example, in Bayesian inference, Bayes' theorem can be used to estimate the parameters of a probability distribution or statistical...

Fiducial inference is one of a number of different types of statistical inference. These are rules, intended for general application, by which conclusions...

deductive argument form and a rule of inference. Modus tollens is a mixed hypothetical syllogism that takes the form of "If P, then Q. Not Q. Therefore...

argument form and rule of inference that allows one to eliminate a disjunctive statement from a logical proof. It is the inference that if a statement...

but are of interest for other logics as well. It is defined as a deductive system that generates theorems from axioms and inference rules, especially...

logic and mathematics, contraposition, or transposition, refers to the inference of going from a conditional statement into its logically equivalent contrapositive...

called or introduction) is a rule of inference of propositional logic and almost every other deduction system. The rule makes it possible to introduce...

Constructive dilemma is a valid rule of inference of propositional logic. It is the inference that, if P implies Q and R implies S and either P or R is...