governance might become inefficient. Political fragmentation can apply to political parties, political groups or other political organisations. It is most often...

such as the Fatimids and Umayyads, reshaped the political landscape of the Islamic world. This fragmentation impacted Jewish communities, shifting centers...

effective means of political control whereby the rule of law might be enforced. Modern constitutionalism was born with the political requirement that representative...

relative to China. Stanford political scientist Gary W. Cox argues in a 2017 study, that Europe's political fragmentation interacted with her institutional...

2015, the Libyan Political Agreement was signed after talks in Skhirat, as the result of protracted negotiations between rival political camps based in...

integral part of German identity. Owing to their long history of political fragmentation, Germans are culturally diverse and often have strong regional...

Birmal, Nitin; Ghotale, Vivek (2010). "Coalitions in Maharashtra Political fragmentation or Social Reconfiguration?" (PDF). Savitribai Phule Pune University...

hurdle", was incorporated into Germany's election law to prevent political fragmentation and minority parties from becoming disproportionately influential...

The century-long period is typified by the decline, defeat and political fragmentation of the Qing dynasty and the subsequent Republic of China, which...

inclusion of non-Arab Muslims in the ummah (Muslim community) and among the political elites. The apogee of the caliphate's power and prestige is traditionally...

history of the Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empire, and opened a period of fragmentation and competing claims of Imperial legitimacy. The crusading (Latin) invaders...

Phagmodrupa often (but not exclusively) favoured the rival Gelug sect. In the political landscape at this period it was important for rulers to find alliances...

princes gained significant power within a king's domain. This led to political fragmentation and the creation of mini-states. Over time, many of these principalities...

different levels of proportionality, apportionment paradoxes and political fragmentation. The Sainte-Laguë method minimizes the average seats-to-votes ratio...

lit. 'We Can') is a left-wing to far-left political party in Spain. Founded in January 2014 by the political scientist Pablo Iglesias Turrión as part of...

parliaments a higher number of political parties with 206, to reduce political fragmentation the parties are organized into 7 political groups. Two structures...

to destroy Germany. Amidst a worldwide economic depression and political fragmentation, the Nazi Party rapidly increased its support, reaching a high...

وحدت, "the Unity Party"), is a Hazara political party founded in 1989. Like most contemporary major political parties in Afghanistan, Hezb-e Wahdat is...

Gangetic region. The Gurjaras and Gurjara-Pratiharas suddenly emerged as a political power in north India around sixth century CE, shortly after the Hunas...

book A Culture of Growth: The Origins of the Modern Economy that political fragmentation in Europe (the presence of a large number of European states) made...

method reduces somewhat the political fragmentation for smaller electoral district sizes, where it favors larger political parties over small parties....

societal fragmentation and the erosion of communal bonds. His scholarship often explores the philosophical underpinnings of modern political thought and...

dar al-harb has been affected by historical changes such as the political fragmentation of the Muslim world. The theoretical distinction between dar al-Islam...

city of Kiev. The principality was formed during the process of political fragmentation of the Kievan Rus' in the early 12th century. As a result of that...

Idrisids founded the city of Fes, which became their capital and the major political and cultural center of early Islamic Morocco. In this early period Morocco...

following the 2024 snap legislative election and the ensuing political fragmentation in the Assembly, the newly-outed Barnier government held a working...

collapse of the Solidarity political wing, the Solidarity Citizens' Committee, the 1991 election saw deep political fragmentation, with a multitude of new...

frequent operationalization for political fragmentation. Political concentration can seen as the share of power of large political parties. There are several...

This is a timeline of notable events during the period of Muslim presence in Iberia, starting with the Umayyad conquest in the 8th century. 711 – A Muslim...

the unified kingdom of David IV in the 11th century. However, political fragmentation and foreign invasions following a peak in literary tradition during...