should resist attacks on its preimage (set of possible inputs). In the context of attack, there are two types of preimage resistance: preimage resistance:...

Collision attack Preimage attack Length extension attack Cipher security summary Tao Xie; Fanbao Liu; Dengguo Feng (25 March 2013). "Fast Collision Attack on...

root does not indicate the tree depth, enabling a second-preimage attack in which an attacker creates a document other than the original that has the same...

collision attack on a cryptographic hash tries to find two inputs producing the same hash value, i.e. a hash collision. This is in contrast to a preimage attack...

computing cluster. In April 2009, an attack against MD5 was published that breaks MD5's preimage resistance. This attack is only theoretical, with a computational...

extend the attack to the full MD2. The described collisions was published in 1997. In 2004, MD2 was shown to be vulnerable to a preimage attack with time...

under a royalty-free license. As of 2011,[update] the best public attacks break preimage resistance for 52 out of 64 rounds of SHA-256 or 57 out of 80 rounds...

hash output, and with 2 l − 1 {\textstyle 2^{l-1}} being the classical preimage resistance security with the same probability. There is a general (though...

output should have d/2-bit resistance to collision attacks and d-bit resistance to preimage attacks, the maximum achievable for d bits of output. Keccak's...

generate collisions in less than two MD4 hash operations. A theoretical preimage attack also exists. A variant of MD4 is used in the ed2k URI scheme to provide...

collision, preventing an attacker from surreptitiously overwriting files. The known attacks (as of 2020) also do not break second preimage resistance. For a...

In cryptography, a brute-force attack or exhaustive key search is a cryptanalytic attack that consists of an attacker submitting many possible keys or...

the hands of attackers, they can use a precomputed rainbow table to recover the plaintext passwords. A common defense against this attack is to compute...

In computer security, a side-channel attack is a type of security exploit that leverages information inadvertently leaked by a system—such as timing, power...

the hash function being exposed to attacks including collision attacks, length extension attacks, and preimage attacks. Constructing a cipher or hash to...

Ma, et al, describe a preimage attack that takes 2496 time and 264 memory or 2504 time and 211 memory to find a single preimage of GOST-512 reduced to...

a proper compression function. A second preimage attack (given a message m 1 {\displaystyle m_{1}} an attacker finds another message m 2 {\displaystyle...

allow an attacker to devise a forgery attack on HMAC. Furthermore, differential and rectangle distinguishers can lead to second-preimage attacks. HMAC with...

defend against attacks that use precomputed tables (e.g. rainbow tables), by vastly growing the size of table needed for a successful attack. It also helps...

{\displaystyle 2^{n}} (a practical example can be found in § Attacks on hashed passwords); a second preimage resistance strength, with the same expectations, refers...

bench.cr.yp.to. Tao, Xie; Liu, Fanbao; Feng, Dengguo (2013). Fast Collision Attack on MD5 (PDF). Cryptology ePrint Archive (Technical report). IACR. Stevens...

attack is a type of attack where an attacker can use Hash(message1) and the length of message1 to calculate Hash(message1 ‖ message2) for an attacker-controlled...

(45-bit) pseudo-collision attack on the Shabal compression function with time complexity 284 was presented. A preimage attack with 2497 time and 2400 memory...

MAC key, stronger guarantees are needed, akin to collision resistance or preimage security in hash functions. For MACs, these concepts are known as commitment...

cracking attacks. It accesses the memory array in a password dependent order, which reduces the possibility of time–memory trade-off (TMTO) attacks, but introduces...

this construction also has several undesirable properties: Second preimage attacks against long messages are always much more efficient than brute force...

sliding computational cost, used to reduce vulnerability to brute-force attacks. PBKDF2 is part of RSA Laboratories' Public-Key Cryptography Standards...

in 1999. Besides incorporating a salt to protect against rainbow table attacks, bcrypt is an adaptive function: over time, the iteration count can be...

confusion. To prevent preimage attacks, the cryptographic hash function used for a fingerprint should possess the property of second preimage resistance. If...

to timing attacks. To be noted, when the SSH protocol uses ChaCha20-Poly1305 as underlying primitive, it is vulnerable to the Terrapin attack. Authenticated...