physics, the principle of covariance emphasizes the formulation of physical laws using only those physical quantities the measurements of which the observers...

physics, general covariance, also known as diffeomorphism covariance or general invariance, consists of the invariance of the form of physical laws under...

relativity Invariant List of textbooks on relativity Newton's laws Preferred frame Principle of covariance Principle of locality Principle of uniformity Special...

probability theory and statistics, covariance is a measure of the joint variability of two random variables. The sign of the covariance, therefore, shows the tendency...

The Liskov substitution principle (LSP) is a particular definition of a subtyping relation, called strong behavioral subtyping, that was initially introduced...

quantity Covariance group General covariance Eigenvalues and eigenvectors Invariants of tensors Killing form Physical constant Principle of covariance Poincaré...

make measurements and define physical quantities. The covariance principle states that the laws of physics should transform from one frame to another covariantly...

by eigendecomposition of the data covariance matrix or singular value decomposition of the data matrix. PCA is the simplest of the true eigenvector-based...

and statistics, a covariance matrix (also known as auto-covariance matrix, dispersion matrix, variance matrix, or variance–covariance matrix) is a square...

Einstein's thought experiments Gauge gravitation theory General covariance Mach's principle Tests of general relativity Unsolved problems in astronomy Unsolved...

The uncertainty principle, also known as Heisenberg's indeterminacy principle, is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. It states that there is...

Charge Coordinate-free Covariance and contravariance Fictitious force Galilean invariance Principle of covariance General covariance Harmonic coordinate...

the addition of generics, Java: 126–129  and C# now offer ways to write this kind of polymorphic function without relying on covariance. The array comparison...

dynamic systems will be linear." Regardless of Gaussianity, however, if the process and measurement covariances are known, then the Kalman filter is the...

theory of gravitation should rest: The principle of relativity as expressed by general covariance. The principle of equivalence. Mach's principle (the first...

through space". Lorentz covariance, a related concept, is a property of the underlying spacetime manifold. Lorentz covariance has two distinct, but closely...

Kretschmann is most famous for his 1917 claim that Einstein's use of the principle of covariance in General Relativity is vacuous. Kretschmann claimed that the...

return type covariance as of version 9.0. Covariant return types have been (partially) allowed in the Java language since the release of JDK5.0, so the...

states that the laws of motion are the same in all inertial frames of reference. Galileo Galilei first described this principle in 1632 in his Dialogue...

observers, regardless of the motion of light source or observer. This is known as the principle of light constancy, or the principle of light speed invariance...

Covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) is a particular kind of strategy for numerical optimization. Evolution strategies (ES) are stochastic...

in manifestly covariant form is useful because it guarantees general covariance upon quick inspection. If an equation is manifestly covariant, and if...

independence Covariance Covariance matrix De Finetti's theorem Correlation Uncorrelated Correlation function Canonical correlation Convergence of random variables...

made in favor of general covariance: it is a natural way to express the equivalence principle, i.e., the equivalence in the description of a free-falling...

degrees of freedom for generalizations. C is the covariance matrix. If the probability distribution of the parameters is known or an asymptotic approximation...

of the system. An alternative theory of gravitation, gauge theory gravity, replaces the principle of general covariance with a true gauge principle with...

values), variances and covariances of such combinations. In principle, the elementary algebra of random variables is equivalent to that of conventional non-random...

the derivation of non-informative prior distributions according to Jeffreys' rule. It also appears as the large-sample covariance of the posterior distribution...

Alignments of random points Almost surely Alpha beta filter Alternative hypothesis Analyse-it – software Analysis of categorical data Analysis of covariance Analysis...

{\displaystyle C} is the covariance function. Popular mean functions are low order polynomials and a popular covariance function is Matern covariance, which includes...