The heart is the first functional organ in a vertebrate embryo. There are 5 stages to heart development. Specification of cardiac precursor cells: The...

In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells, and the environment...

hedgehog protein (SHH) is a major signaling molecule of embryonic development in humans and animals, encoded by the SHH gene. This signaling molecule...

In cellular biology, the Wnt signaling pathways are a group of signal transduction pathways which begin with proteins that pass signals into a cell through...

In biology, juxtracrine signalling (or contact-dependent signalling) is a type of cell–cell or cell–extracellular matrix signalling in multicellular organisms...

a role in early heart development. Myostatin is produced as promyostatin, a precursor protein kept inactive by the latent TGF-β binding protein 3 (LTBP3)...

(February 2001). "Protein phosphatase 2A: a highly regulated family of serine/threonine phosphatases implicated in cell growth and signalling". The Biochemical...

Agouti-signaling protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ASIP gene. It is responsible for the distribution of melanin pigment in mammals...

on Notch signalling. The Notch signaling pathway is a critical component of cardiovascular formation and morphogenesis in both development and disease...

also known as IHH, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IHH gene. This cell signaling protein is in the hedgehog signaling pathway. The several...

morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and, in the case of Cerberus and Coco, Wnt signaling as well. This activity is important in neural development and left-right...

adaptor proteins link RTK activation to downstream signal transduction pathways, such as the MAP kinase signalling cascade. An example of a vital signal transduction...

BMP signalling in pathological processes. Cancerous disease often involves misregulation of the BMP signalling system. Absence of BMP signalling is, for...

mechanism occurs via the growth factor BMP signalling to turn on a transcriptional repressor Smad-interacting protein 1 (Sip1) and marks the beginning of the...

shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions. They were first described in relation...

that affect the same cell (autocrine or intracrine signalling) or nearby cells (paracrine signalling). Hormones are used to communicate between organs...

G-protein signaling 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS2 gene. It is part of a larger family of RGS proteins that control signalling through...

cadherin protein complex and acts as an intracellular signal transducer in the Wnt signaling pathway. It is a member of the catenin protein family and...

signaling cascade governed by multi-kinase inhibitors is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. This well-established MAPK pathway in cell...

proteins (FABPs) are a family of transport proteins for fatty acids and other lipophilic substances such as eicosanoids and retinoids. These proteins...

is a secreted protein with two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway. Dickkopf...

Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOB gene. Its measurement is commonly used to detect risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular...

Protein phosphorylation is a reversible post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase...

is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CER1 gene. Cerberus is a signaling molecule which contributes to the formation of the head, heart and left-right...

pathway takes its name from one of its key signaling components—the protein kinase Hippo (Hpo). Mutations in this gene lead to tissue overgrowth, or a...

main RGS proteins (along with RGS9 and RGS17) involved in terminating signalling by the mu opioid receptor, and may be important in the development of tolerance...

fused homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUFU gene. In molecular biology, the protein domain suppressor of fused protein (Sufu) has an important...

Purinergic signalling (or signaling: see American and British English differences) is a form of extracellular signalling mediated by purine nucleotides...

signalling occurs before a monocyte is activated by sTNF, then the monocyte's inflammatory response to sTNF is enhanced. If tmTNF reverse signalling occurs...

across the cell. G proteins are a family of intracellular proteins capable of mediating signal transduction pathways. Each G protein is a heterotrimer...