Reform and opening-up (Chinese: 改革开放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng), also known as the Chinese economic reform or Chinese economic miracle, refers to a variety...

recognized ethnic groups to the current 56. However, as China opened up and reformed post-1979, many Han acquired enough money to begin to travel. One of...

"reform and opening up includes taking over the useful things of capitalism." Eventually, after Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992, the reform and opening...

improvements in average living standards and has experienced relative social stability. Since the Reform and Opening Up period, China has evolved into a backbone...

2016. Carlos Braso Broggi. Trade and Technology Networks in the Chinese Textile Industry: Opening Up Before the Reform. Mar. 2016. Palgrave Macmillan....

economic development, adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles and to Reform and Opening Up, liberate and develop social productive forces, construct a "socialist...

against further reform and opening up. The tour proved that amongst the party's grassroots organizations, support for reform and opening up was firm. Because...

of the famine to natural disasters and 70% to man-made errors (三分天灾，七分人祸). After the launch of Reform and opening up, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)...

characteristics". It opened a new era in Chinese history known as "Reforms and Opening up"(改革开放) to the Outside World. The ten-year plan drafted by Hua Guofeng...

succeeded in consolidating power to lead China through a period of reform and opening up that transformed its economy into a socialist market economy. He...

period was marked by the reform and opening up that ushered in a significant turning point for Chinese music. It is when China and foreigners frequently...

and opening up era, China began to look more seriously towards integrating its southwest regions. China's increased focus on trade-led development and its...

others used the anti-liberalization movement to oppose and deny reform and opening up and used this to convince Deng Xiaoping that the campaign gradually...

and later were among the defining features of Deng Xiaoping's tenure as the paramount leader of China. At the beginning of "Reform and Opening-up",...

reform and opening, further developing market economy while pushing forward political reforms for human rights, freedom, democracy, rule of law and constitutionalism;...

after reform and opening up cannot be used to negate the historical period before reform and opening up, nor can the historical period before reform and opening...

was brought under socialist principles in the 1950s. Even after Reform and Opening-up, cooperatives remain a significant part of the modern Chinese economy...

Enterprises, and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Sino-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures. Soon after China's reform and opening up, the country...

Marxist–Leninist ideals and attempted to tighten control over ideology. Deng Liqun was among the Chinese leadership who contended that Reform and Opening Up made China...

toward China's reform and opening up. China's leaders often cite this popular metaphor to describe the path they have followed in economic reform. The idea...

November 1975, Anshan was re-established as an enterprise.: 261  After Reform and Opening Up, like much of the industry in China's northeast, Angang began lagging...

policy visionary, and serial entrepreneur on behalf of the Chinese state. He was an early proponent of China's reform and opening up, and went on to create...

practices on the exchange in the lead-up to its closure, is released, resulting in significant market reforms - although many took years to finally implement...

Nixon's 1972 visit to China and the resulting rapprochement between the United States and China.: 225–229  When Reform and Opening up began after Mao's death...

disasters, financial crises and social instability." Financial performance of SOEs was not a major concern until China's reform era. With the exception of...

returning youth was particularly common in northeast China.: 283  After Reform and Opening Up, much of the industry in China's northeast lagged in economic activity...

(2004) pp. 211–235. "中国改革开放40再出发" [Starting Again from China's Reform and Opening Up in the 40th Anniversary]. 中国改革开放40再出发. Retrieved March 18, 2024...

implementation of reform and opening up in mainland China in 1978, its economy has developed rapidly. In 1995, the GDP per capita of Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai...

to the preferential treatment under the "reform and opening-up" policy. Most TVEs emerged during the Reform period in the 1980s (Huang, 2008). There were...

the Asian Development Bank Institute, "before China implemented reform and opening-up policies in 1978, its income distribution pattern was characterized...