In geotechnical engineering, soil structure describes the arrangement of the solid parts of the soil and of the pore space located between them. It is...

Ground–structure interaction (SSI) consists of the interaction between soil (ground) and a structure built upon it. It is primarily an exchange of mutual...

plants and soil organisms. Some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from soil by restricting the former term specifically to displaced soil. Soil consists...

transferred from the ground surface to layers of soil or rock at greater depths. This loss of soil structure causes it to lose its strength (the ability to...

Soil chemistry is the study of the chemical characteristics of soil. Soil chemistry is affected by mineral composition, organic matter and environmental...

Topsoil or horizon O is with sufficient soil organic matter for healthy soil structure and soil moisture retention; Soil pH in the range 5.5 to 7.0 (suitable...

horizon at the mineral soil surface or buried; contains organic matter that has at least partly been modified in-situ; soil structure and/or structural elements...

N-butoxyacrylamide. The most common use of soil conditioners is to improve soil structure. Soils tend to become compacted over time. Soil compaction impedes root growth...

(anisotropy) within soils. These alterations lead to the development of layers, termed soil horizons, distinguished by differences in color, structure, texture,...

used. Structure liming can reduce losses of clay and nutrients from soil aggregates. The degree to which a given amount of lime per unit of soil volume...

influence on soil fertility, plant growth, soil structure, and carbon storage. As a relatively new science, much remains unknown about soil biology and...

Soil erosion is the denudation or wearing away of the upper layer of soil. It is a form of soil degradation. This natural process is caused by the dynamic...

advanced microorganisms, which are important because they affect soil structure and fertility. Soil microorganisms can be classified as bacteria, actinomycetes...

Soil biodiversity refers to the relationship of soil to biodiversity and to aspects of the soil that can be managed in relative to biodiversity. Soil...

Alkali, or alkaline, soils are clay soils with high pH (greater than 8.5), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration capacity. Often they have a hard...

in soil is caused by irrigating with salty water. Water then evaporates from the soil leaving the salt behind. Salt breaks down the soil structure, causing...

including texture, color, structure, and consistence. Morphological evaluations of soil are typically performed in the field on a soil profile containing multiple...

Soil mechanics is used to analyze the deformations of and flow of fluids within natural and man-made structures that are supported on or made of soil...

physical properties of soil, in order of decreasing importance for ecosystem services such as crop production, are texture, structure, bulk density, porosity...

field by its evaporation from the plant itself. Water affects soil formation, structure, stability and erosion but is of primary concern with respect...

volatile organic compounds. Gases fill soil pores in the soil structure as water drains or is removed from a soil pore by evaporation or root absorption...

of water in the underlying soil structure and traffic passing over the affected area. Water first weakens the underlying soil; traffic then fatigues and...

Soil compaction, also known as soil structure degradation, is the increase of bulk density or decrease in porosity of soil due to externally or internally...

Soil ecology studies interactions among soil organisms, and their environment. It is particularly concerned with the cycling of nutrients, soil aggregate...

the type of photosynthetic pathway (C3/C4), of the respired plant structures. Soil respiration rates can be largely affected by human activity. This is...

Soil regeneration, as a particular form of ecological regeneration within the field of restoration ecology, is creating new soil and rejuvenating soil...

influences Soil structure – Arrangement of a soil's particles and pore spaces Soil water (retention) – Hydrological property of soil NRCS 2013 "Soil Quality...

involving quantities of soil or unformed rock. An incomplete list of possible temporary or permanent geotechnical shoring structures that may be designed...

support for plants and other structures. Soil management has a major impact on soil quality. Soil quality relates to soil functions. Unlike water or air...

smoothing out the surface of the soil. The purpose of harrowing is to break up clods and to provide a soil structure, called tilth, that is suitable for...