The Vaps Movement (Estonian: Eesti Vabadussõjalaste Keskliit, later Eesti Vabadussõjalaste Liit, vabadussõjalased, or colloquially vapsid, a single member...

Elder, he organized a self-coup to neutralise the right-wing populist Vaps Movement. He was supported by the army and the parliament. During the 1934–1938...

position of President which had been hitherto absent. In 1933, the Vaps Movement submitted a bill to amend the constitution, which was to create the...

antiparliamentary Vaps Movement emerged in the 1930s. In October 1933, a referendum on constitutional reform initiated by the Vaps Movement was approved by...

War Heimosodat History of Finland Minna Craucher Politics of Finland Vaps Movement (Estonia) Winter War Ylikangas, Heikki: Käännekohdat Suomen historiassa:...

the salute was used by members of the Estonian nationalist right wing Vaps Movement, as well as the Brazilian Integralist Action, who used to salute by...

out to avert a feared takeover of the state apparatus by the popular Vaps Movement (a nationalist political organization of war veterans). In the charged...

Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Partei Eestis) Swedish People's League (Rootsi Rahvaliit) Vaps Movement (Eesti Vabadussõjalaste Keskliit) Russian Party in Estonia (Vene Erakond...

independence, Sirk later became a leading figure within the right-wing Vaps Movement and an outspoken opponent of the government. A native of rural Järvamaa...

Depression strained Estonia's political system, and in 1933 the right-wing Vaps movement spearheaded a constitutional reform establishing a strong presidency...

leading to rise of the Vaps Movement, an Estonian nationalist and pan-nationalistic veterans' organization and political movement, who were on the path...

Swedish People's League Tenants' Union Union of Settlers and Smallholders Vaps Movement Historical parties (since 1988) Biodiversity Party Coalition Party Communist...

former members of the National Centre Party, two Settlers and two of the Vaps Movement), six of the Unity Group of Working People (composed of four leftist...

Michal cabinet. In 2017, the initiators of the movement began discussing Estonia's future. The movement's formal foundation arguably took place on 2 May...

found a receptive audience. The Vaps movement grew in popularity and influence and a new constitution drafted by the movement was passed by a referendum in...

record later beaten by the trials of the members of the nationalist Vaps Movement in 1935. During the 1920s, Estonia was a politically stable country...

Swedish People's League Tenants' Union Union of Settlers and Smallholders Vaps Movement Historical parties (since 1988) Biodiversity Party Coalition Party Communist...

Estonia Konstantin Päts, staged a self-coup to counter the threat of the Vaps Movement and suspended the full implementation of the 1934 Constitution, not...

Swedish People's League Tenants' Union Union of Settlers and Smallholders Vaps Movement Historical parties (since 1988) Biodiversity Party Coalition Party Communist...

Karl-Arnold Jalakas (10 February 1901 Tallinn – 3 August 1942 Sverdlovsk) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of VI Riigikogu (its Chamber of Deputies)...

election as a National Centre Party candidate. Later he joined the Vaps Movement. After the 1934 Estonian coup d'état, Mäe was imprisoned. He was released...

Swedish People's League Tenants' Union Union of Settlers and Smallholders Vaps Movement Historical parties (since 1988) Biodiversity Party Coalition Party Communist...

emergency and imprisoned the leadership of the Vaps. In 1935, all political parties were banned. In 1935, a Vaps coup attempt was discovered, which led to...

Swedish People's League Tenants' Union Union of Settlers and Smallholders Vaps Movement Historical parties (since 1988) Biodiversity Party Coalition Party Communist...

2012 with the merger of People's Union of Estonia and Estonian Patriotic Movement. Its first leader, Margo Miljand, served as the chairman until 2013 when...

proposed by the populist Estonian War of Independence Veterans' League (Vaps movement) was adopted in a referendum in 1933 and came into force on 24 January...

Swedish People's League Tenants' Union Union of Settlers and Smallholders Vaps Movement Historical parties (since 1988) Biodiversity Party Coalition Party Communist...

Aleksander Tamm (5 March 1868 Tallinn – 3 August 1950 Tallinn) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of II Riigikogu. "Juhatus ja liikmed". Riigikogu...

Swedish People's League Tenants' Union Union of Settlers and Smallholders Vaps Movement Historical parties (since 1988) Biodiversity Party Coalition Party Communist...

Swedish People's League Tenants' Union Union of Settlers and Smallholders Vaps Movement Historical parties (since 1988) Biodiversity Party Coalition Party Communist...