Work hardening, also known as strain hardening, is the process by which a material's load-bearing capacity (strength) increases during plastic (permanent)...

processing as well. These mechanisms for crystalline materials include Work hardening Solid solution strengthening Precipitation strengthening Grain boundary...

following the flow of the metal; which may cause work hardening and anisotropic material properties. Work hardening makes the metal harder, stiffer, and stronger...

abrasion. When a metal undergoes strain hardening its yield strength increases but its ductility decreases. Strain hardening actually increases the number of...

For strain less than the ultimate tensile strain, the increase of work-hardening rate in this region will be greater than the area reduction rate, thereby...

minimum size is achieved. Finally, the work hardening rate becomes low again in the exhaustion/saturation of hardening stage 3 of plastic flow, as small shear...

There are five hardening processes: Hall-Petch strengthening, work hardening, solid solution strengthening, precipitation hardening, and martensitic...

ability of a material to become stronger due to strain hardening. Strain hardening (work hardening) is the process by which a material's load-bearing capacity...

particulates strengthening structure, at 1-D there is work/forest hardening with line dislocations as the hardening mechanism, and at 2-D there is grain boundary...

points. It is especially applicable to metals that harden with plastic deformation (see work hardening), showing a smooth elastic-plastic transition. As...

the desired result such as hardening or softening of a material. Heat treatment techniques include annealing, case hardening, precipitation strengthening...

where c is a constant determined by yield strength, Poisson's ratio, work-hardening exponent and geometrical factors – usually ranging between 2 and 4....

which it becomes easier to shape by forging, or to the point at which work hardening no longer occurs. The metal (known as the "workpiece") is transported...

the high work hardening rate of PTFE, ePTFE is significantly stronger than the unstretched material. On a microscopic level, this work hardening corresponds...

into the surface. Different depths of hardening are desirable for different purposes: sharp tools need deep hardening to allow grinding and resharpening...

Induction hardening is a type of surface hardening in which a metal part is induction-heated and then quenched. The quenched metal undergoes a martensitic...

cobalt or other elements to maximize solution hardening. This also allows the use of precipitation hardening and improves the alloy's temperature resistance...

leave the mass of the metal ready to be work-hardened). Second, the alloy is capable of greater work-hardening than is the case with pure copper, so that...

impacting and seizing on it work-hardens more than the rest of the volume of metal. As a consequence of this work hardening, this first layer of metal...

point, all dislocation related hardening mechanisms become irrelevant. In work hardening (also referred to as strain hardening) the material is strained past...

details of the mechanisms controlling strain-hardening in TWIP steels are still unclear, the high strain-hardening is commonly attributed to the reduction...

can increase the strength of the product by a process called work hardening. Work hardening creates microscopic defects in the metal, which resist further...

motion. This causes a hardening of the metal as deformation progresses. This effect is known as strain hardening or work hardening. Dislocation density...

somewhat brittle. In 1906, precipitation hardening alloys were discovered by Alfred Wilm. Precipitation hardening alloys, such as certain alloys of aluminium...

metal is deformed work hardening effects are negated by the recrystallization process. Cold forging typically results in work hardening of the piece. Drop...

acidic or salty materials. The cold-work tool steels include the O series (oil-hardening), the A series (air-hardening), and the D series (high carbon-chromium)...

deformation proceeds and usually increases as strain accumulates due to work hardening, although the flow stress could decrease due to any recovery process...

traditional cold forming techniques due to rapid work hardening. After the first machining pass, work hardening tends to plastically deform either the workpiece...

Shock hardening is a process used to strengthen metals and alloys, wherein a shock wave produces atomic-scale defects in the material's crystalline structure...

effects, which include residual stress, micro-cracks, work-hardening, and tempering in hardened materials. Cue lathes function similarly to turning and...