Most animal testing involves invertebrates, especially Drosophila melanogaster, a fruit fly, and Caenorhabditis elegans, a nematode. These animals offer...

Animal testing may also refer to: Alternatives to animal testing Animal testing on invertebrates Animal testing on non-human primates Animal testing on...

Marine invertebrates are invertebrate animals that live in marine habitats, and make up most of the macroscopic life in the oceans. It is a polyphyletic...

Cosmetic testing on animals is a type of animal testing used to test the safety and hypoallergenic properties of cosmetic products for use by humans....

Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of animals, as model organisms, in experiments...

euthanized. Animal euthanasia Animal testing on invertebrates Euthanasia in animal testing Insects in ethics Lobster killing methods and animal welfare "AVMA...

therapies. Animal models of autism Animal models of schizophrenia Animal testing on invertebrates Animal testing on rodents Animal testing Britches (monkey)...

suffering of each animal subject.[citation needed] Animals in space Animal testing Animal testing on invertebrates Animal testing on rodents Cellular model...

open field test (OFT) is an experimental test used to assay general locomotor activity levels, anxiety, and willingness to explore in animals (usually rodents)...

refinement, reduction) and animal welfare when conducting animal testing on non-human primates. A 2013 amendment to the German Animal Welfare Act, with special...

scientific study of prehistoric invertebrates by analyzing invertebrate fossils in the geologic record. By invertebrates are meant the non-vertebrate creatures...

Alternatives to animal testing are the development and implementation of test methods that avoid the use of live animals. There is widespread agreement...

Whether invertebrates can feel pain is a contentious issue. Although there are numerous definitions of pain, almost all involve two key components. First...

for testing cosmetics, the procedure involves applying 0.5 mL or 0.5 g of a test substance to the eye or skin of a restrained, conscious animal, and...

act recognises animal sentience in law for the first time. The scope of the legislation includes all vertebrates and some invertebrates such as octopuses...

Spain who also practiced dissection, introduced animal testing as an experimental method of testing surgical procedures before applying them to human...

chloral hydrate, theophylline, IBMX and others, have been studied on certain animals. It is believed that plants developed caffeine as a chemical defense...

that is already rotting, rather than causing fruit to rot. Animal testing on invertebrates Eating behavior in Insects (Measurement) Fruit flies in space...

Frogs have been used in animal tests throughout the history of biomedical science. Eighteenth-century biologist Luigi Galvani discovered the link between...

Animal Aid (UK) Anima International Animal Defenders International Animal Defense League Animal Equality Animal Ethics Animal Justice (Canada) Animal...

and turtles), fish and invertebrates (including cephalopods, spiders and insects). The mind and behavior of non-human animals has captivated the human...

nucleus. All of the different cells of an animal are derived from the embryonic germ layers. Those simpler invertebrates which are formed from two germ layers...

Three Rs (3Rs) are guiding principles for more ethical use of animals in product testing and scientific research. They were first described by W. M. S...

most specifically animal testing on non-human primates as well as on beagles. It has also been criticized for its laboratory animal sources. In 2022,...

Animal testing regulations are guidelines that permit and control the use of non-human animals for scientific experimentation. They vary greatly around...

 98, Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7100-9037-9. Invertebrates Smith, J. A. (1991). "A Question of Pain in Invertebrates". ILAR Journal. 33 (1–2): 25–31. doi:10...

power used for work and transport. Animals serve as models in biological research, such as in genetics, and in drug testing. Many species are kept as pets...

dogs, working animals, and animal testing, including medical experimentation and the use of pharmaceuticals derived from or tested on animals). A person...

quantitative rodent behavioral testing began in the late 19th century. Currently, rodents are commonly used in animal testing for physiological, pathological...

replace animal experiments. Established in 1970, the work undertaken by Animal Free Research UK develops reliable science whilst avoiding animal testing. Animal...