The beam propagation method (BPM) is an approximation technique for simulating the propagation of light in slowly varying optical waveguides. It is essentially...

It offers very strong benefits compared with FDTD, FEM and the beam propagation method for the modelling of optical waveguides, and it is a popular tool...

electromagnetics Eigenmode expansion Beam propagation method Finite-difference frequency-domain Finite element method Scattering-matrix method Discrete dipole approximation...

service), a short-wave time service of the People's Republic of China Beam propagation method, a numerical tool for electromagnetic analysis Bit-patterned media...

11146-1:2005 specifies methods for measuring beam widths (diameters), divergence angles and beam propagation ratios of laser beams (if the beam is stigmatic) and...

providing a method that could be measured and used to compare different beams, independent of wavelength. The factor is now called beam propagation ratio (M2)...

In nonlinear optics, filament propagation is propagation of a beam of light through a medium without diffraction. This is possible because the Kerr effect...

{C+D/q_{i}}{A+B/q_{i}}}} . The effect of propagation in free space is just that of adding the travelled axial distance Δz to the complex beam parameter: q f = q i + Δ...

inaccurate ranges or bearings to distant targets if the radar "beam" is bent by propagation effects. However, radio hobbyists take advantage of these effects...

"Steering the Beam of Medium-to-High Gain Antennas Using Near-Field Phase Transformation". IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 65 (4): 1680–1690...

beam and fixes the best propagation method (among angular spectrum, Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction) by looking at the behavior of a Gaussian beam...

waveguide grating through Fraunhofer diffraction analysis and beam propagation method". Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics. 9 (7): 709–715...

the height of transmitting and receiving antennas. It is the only propagation method possible at microwave frequencies and above. At lower frequencies...

more accurately as finite elements FEM, or non-orthogonal grids. Beam propagation method (BPM) can solve for the power flow in waveguides. CEM is application...

Laguerre-Gaussian laser beam, which has a high-intensity ring of light that surrounds a dark core along the beam axis. This method confines particles to...

In radio communication, skywave or skip refers to the propagation of radio waves reflected or refracted back toward Earth from the ionosphere, an electrically...

The transfer-matrix method is a method used in optics and acoustics to analyze the propagation of electromagnetic or acoustic waves through a stratified...

known as the beam propagation ratio or beam quality factor is a measure of laser beam quality. It represents the degree of variation of a beam from an ideal...

beam profiler captures, displays, and records the spatial intensity profile of a laser beam at a particular plane transverse to the beam propagation path...

Statistics (such as the Monte Carlo method), are commonly used to model light propagation in tissue. The responses to a pencil beam incident on a scattering medium...

dynamic composition changes". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 2 (1): 814–818...

component of the antenna's radiated beam has a wave-propagation direction perpendicular to the flight-path direction. The beam is allowed to be broad in the...

Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) radio propagation occurs outside of the typical line-of-sight (LOS) between the transmitter and receiver, such as in ground reflections...

components of a collimated beam (or ray) can exit the material with a positional offset, even though their final propagation directions will be the same...

An Airy beam, is a propagation invariant wave whose main intensity lobe propagates along a curved parabolic trajectory while being resilient to perturbations...

equipment — Test methods for laser beam widths, divergence angles and beam propagation ratios — Part 1: Stigmatic and simple astigmatic beams." A. E. Siegman...

waves are also light. The primary properties of light are intensity, propagation direction, frequency or wavelength spectrum, and polarization. Its speed...

be broadly divided into two categories: conventional (fixed or switched beam) beamformers adaptive beamformers or phased array Desired signal maximization...

a vacuum tube containing one or more electron guns, which emit electron beams that are manipulated to display images on a phosphorescent screen. The images...

Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 287–296, 1997. P. Nayeri, F. Yang, and A. Z. Elsherbeni, "Beam-scanning reflectarray antennas:...