Codon usage bias refers to differences in the frequency of occurrence of synonymous codons in coding DNA. A codon is a series of three nucleotides (a...

of codons, also known as codon usage bias, can vary from species to species with functional implications for the control of translation. The codon varies...

rare codon can affect the timing of translation, and in turn the co-translational folding of the protein. This is reflected in the codon usage bias that...

organisms, from bacteria through animals, display biased use of certain synonymous codons. Such codon usage bias may arise for different reasons, some selective...

The Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) is the most widespread technique for analyzing codon usage bias. As opposed to other measures of codon usage bias, such...

Effective number of codons (abbreviated as ENC or Nc) is a measure to study the state of codon usage biases in genes and genomes. The way that ENC is...

compositionally driven, synonymous codon-usage bias affects the nucleotide topology. As substitutions between serine codon families can proceed through threonine...

at the third position, although codon usage bias restricts this in practice in many organisms; twofold degenerate codons can withstand silence mutation...

representations. Interestingly, each codon for an amino acid is not used in equal proportions. This is called codon-usage bias (CUB). When k = 3, a distinction...

modifications is also seen in codon usage bias. Highly expressed genes seem to be enriched in codons that are exclusively using codons that will be decoded by...

software tools for classifying species based on their GC-contents. Codon usage bias Definition of GC – content on CancerWeb of Newcastle University, UK...

virus to have a noticeable codon usage bias. For instance, arginine's six different codons have a relative synonymous codon usage of AGA (2.67), CGU (1.46)...

He W, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang R, Lu S, Ji Y, et al. (October 2017). "Codon usage bias in the N gene of rabies virus". Infection, Genetics and Evolution....

component of the ectoderm Effective number of codons, a measure to study the state of codon usage biases in genes (-NC) Isocyanide, an organic functional...

vector Coccus Code Code dictionary Coding strand Codominance Codon Codon usage bias aka Codon preference Cohesive end Cointegrate Col plasmid Colicinogenic...

In molecular biology, a stop codon (or termination codon) is a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation...

"Fine-tuning translation kinetics selection as the driving force of codon usage bias in the hepatitis A virus capsid". PLOS Pathog. 6 (3): e1000797. doi:10...

of evolution, where mutation biases may be invoked to account for such phenomena as systematic differences in codon usage or genome composition between...

endosperm-specific promoter is used. The codons of the gene must be optimized for the organism due to codon usage bias. Transgenic plants have genes inserted...

thought to reflect mutational tendencies. Mutational biases also contribute to codon usage bias. Although such hypotheses are often associated with neutrality...

University of Georgia (UGA). Bennetzen is known for his work describing codon usage bias in yeast, and E. coli; being the first to clone and sequence an active...

Assandri IR, Peyrou M, Cristina J (September 2020). "Analysis of codon usage bias in potato virus Y non-recombinant strains". Virus Research. 286: 198077...

intrinsic features of the sequence, such as oligonucleotide frequencies or codon usage bias. Once sequences are binned, it is possible to carry out comparative...

traits such as karyotype (chromosome number), genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what mechanisms could have produced the...

(verb) - cloning - CmERG1 - coding sequence - coding strand - codon - codon usage bias - competent - complementary - conformational epitope - congenital...

coding gene may also be conserved by other selective pressures. The codon usage bias in some organisms may restrict the types of synonymous mutations in...

its sequence by phylogenetic methods. Methods that account for biases in codon usage and transition/transversion rates are substantially more reliable...

database have proved valuable for a number of projects: survey of codon usage bias amongst all plant viruses, two-way comparisons between comprehensive...

S2CID 20770949. Ohama, T; Muto, A; Osawa, S (1990). "Role of GC-biased mutation pressure on synonymous codon choice in Micrococcus luteus, a bacterium with a high...

(1999). "Proteome composition and codon usage in spirochaetes: species-specific and DNA strand-specific mutational biases". Nucleic Acids Res. 27 (7): 1642–1649...