An ice core is a core sample that is typically removed from an ice sheet or a high mountain glacier. Since the ice forms from the incremental buildup...

past, proxy data can be used for example from tree rings, corals, and ice cores. Observing the rising GST over time is one of the many lines of evidence...

The Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) was a research project organized through the European Science Foundation (ESF). The project ran from 1989 to 1995...

mentioned gases are now able to be seen with the new ice core samples from the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C in Antarctica over...

temperature on Earth of −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F; 184.0 K). Research includes ice core drilling and magnetometry. Vostok was named after Vostok, the lead ship...

intensification of the Little Ice Age. Early evidence of a large eruption in 1450–1460 came from a massive sulfate spike recorded in ice cores in Antarctica with...

the Greenland ice cores, which only go back to the end of the last interglacial, the Eemian interglacial (about 115,000 years ago). Ice core evidence from...

West Antarctic ice cores with the Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two GISP2; they suggested a synchronous global cooling. An ocean sediment core from the eastern...

1628 BCE. The Greenland ice core chronology offset was independently confirmed by other teams and adopted into Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2021 (GICC21)...

The European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) is a multinational European project for deep ice core drilling in Antarctica. Its main objective...

Dye 3 is an ice core site and previously part of the DYE section of the Distant Early Warning (DEW) line, located at (65°11′N 43°49′W / 65.183°N 43.817°W...

difficult to compare the details from continent to continent (see picture of ice core data below for differences). The most recent cooling, the Younger Dryas...

in the Camp Century 1963 core recurred in the Renland 1985 ice core. The Renland ice core from East Greenland apparently covers a full glacial cycle from...

led to ice coring drills being developed in the 1950s and 1960s, and there are now many different coring drills in use. For obtaining ice cores from deep...

sky, like thunder. Ice core chronology and tree ring dating allows extremely precise dating to the exact calendar year of any ice depth in the Common...

site of the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP or NorthGRIP) is near the center of Greenland (75.1 N, 42.32 W, 2917 m, ice thickness 3085). Drilling...

regularly shed ice in what is known as ice calving. Sediment released from calved and melting ice sinks accumulates on the seafloor, and sediment cores from places...

contexts. Examples of proxies include stable isotope measurements from ice cores, growth rates in tree rings, species composition of sub-fossil pollen...

upper boundary). The proposed section is the North Greenland Ice Core Project ice core 75° 06' N 42° 18' W. The lower boundary of the Pleistocene Series...

Britain it has been called the Loch Lomond Stadial. In the Greenland Summit ice core chronology, the Younger Dryas corresponds to Greenland Stadial 1 (GS-1)...

height about 200,000 years ago. Several tephra layers encountered in ice cores at Mount Waesche and Byrd Station have been attributed to Mount Takahe...

1458 sulfate spike was incorrectly assigned to be 1452 because previous ice core work had poor time resolution. The exact location of this eruption is uncertain...

Greenlandic ice cores, though some of the instability inferred from Greenland ice core project records may be a result of mixing of Last Interglacial ice with...

winter") or impact events (meteorite or comet). In 2015, revision of polar ice core chronologies dated sulfate deposits and a cryptotephra layer to the year...

Greenland ice cores, sedimentary records, and other records of the temperate and tropical North Atlantic. There is less evidence in ice cores from Antarctica...

in the North Greenland Ice Core Project. However, difficulties in synchronising marine sediment cores and Greenland ice cores to the same time scale have...

Geologists working in different regions are studying sea levels, peat bogs, and ice-core samples, using a variety of methods, with a view toward further verifying...

early 1810s as a normal phenomenon of the Little Ice Age. A 1991 study of Antarctic and Greenland ice cores, however, found a sulfate spike in early 1809...

toolmaking Core sample, in Earth science, a sample obtained by coring Ice core Core, the central part of a galaxy; see Mass deficit Core (anticline)...

polar ice caps for geological insight. These studies resulted in "nearly forty years of research experience and achievements in deep polar ice core drillings...