The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference model developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides...
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nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model. This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family. Many of these protocols are originally...
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its training data, per new OSI definition". The Verge. Retrieved 10 July 2025. Siewicz, Krzysztof (24 January 2025). "Llama 3.1 Community License is not...
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the seven-layer OSI model is often used as a reference for teaching and documentation, the protocols originally conceived for the model did not gain popularity...
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Transport layer (redirect from OSI layer 4)
protocol suite and the OSI model. The protocols of this layer provide end-to-end communication services for applications.: §1.1.3 It provides services...
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Application layer (redirect from OSI layer 7)
specified in both the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the OSI model. Although both models use the same term for their respective highest-level layer...
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Physical layer (redirect from OSI layer 1)
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer: the layer most closely associated with...
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Network layer (redirect from OSI layer 3)
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the network layer is layer 3. The network layer is responsible for packet forwarding including routing...
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Internet protocol suite (redirect from TCP/IP model)
the OSI model, a more comprehensive reference framework for general networking systems. Initially referred to as the DOD Internet Architecture Model, the...
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political layer on top of the 7-layer OSI model of computer networking. The OSI model is a 7-layer abstract model that describes an architecture of data...
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Data link layer (redirect from OSI layer 2)
The data link layer, or layer 2, is the second layer of the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. This layer is the protocol layer that transfers...
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Protocol Wars (redirect from Internet-OSI Standards War)
Commerce mandated compliance with the OSI model, while the US Department of Defense planned to transition from TCP/IP to OSI. Meanwhile, the development of a...
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Presentation layer (redirect from OSI layer 6)
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the presentation layer is layer 6 and serves as the data translator for the network. It is sometimes...
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Open Source Initiative (redirect from OSI Certified)
The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is a California public benefit corporation "actively involved in Open Source community-building, education, and public...
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The Smith & Wesson Model 10, previously known as the Smith & Wesson .38 Hand Ejector Model of 1899, the Smith & Wesson Military & Police or the Smith...
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Protocol-control information (category OSI model)
of OSI Terms" (PDF). In Tolhurst, M. (ed.). Open Systems Interconnection. Macmillan Computer Science Series. London: Palgrave. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-10306-5...
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Top Model, also called Next Top Model, is a fashion-themed reality television show format produced in many countries throughout the world and seen in...
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Air Force Office of Special Investigations (redirect from USAF OSI)
Investigations (OSI or AFOSI) is a U.S. federal law enforcement agency that reports directly to the Secretary of the Air Force. OSI is also a U.S. Air...
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Session layer (redirect from OSI layer 5)
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the session layer is layer 5. The session layer provides the mechanism for opening, closing and managing...
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in the link layer (layer 2 in the OSI model), such as Ethernet multicast, and at the internet layer (layer 3 for OSI) for Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4)...
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Link layer (section Relation to OSI model)
suite and OSI model, the link layer is sometimes described as a combination of the OSI's data link layer (layer 2) and physical layer (layer 1). The link...
6 KB (1,037 words) - 05:23, 1 July 2025
Protocol data unit (section OSI model)
top-level SDU, the letter itself, emerges. Protocol data units of the OSI model are: The Layer 4: transport layer PDU is the segment. The Layer 3: network...
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N-entity (category OSI protocols)
element in the n-th layer of the Open Systems Interconnection--Reference Model (OSI-RM) that (a) interacts directly with elements, i.e., entities, of the...
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Open-source license (redirect from List of OSI-approved software licences)
Initiative (OSI), founded by free software developers Bruce Perens and Eric S. Raymond. "Open source" emphasizes the strengths of the open development model rather...
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the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) networking reference model. IEEE 802 divides the OSI data link layer into two sub-layers: logical link...
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interface involves both the physical and data link layers (layer 1 and 2) of the OSI model for a connection. The physical connection of an air interface...
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Network architecture (section OSI model)
specific types of hardware links. The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) defines and codifies the concept of layered network architecture. Abstraction...
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Open source (redirect from Open-source model)
Michael (19 September 2006). "History of the OSI". Open Source Initiative. Archived from the original on 1 October 2002. Retrieved 23 August 2008. Lunduke...
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode (section Reference model)
favor once Ethernet reached speeds of 1 gigabits per second. In the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model data link layer (layer 2), the basic...
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Communication protocol (section OSI standardization)
emerging Internet. International work on a reference model for communication standards led to the OSI model, published in 1984. For a period in the late 1980s...
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