Quark–gluon plasma (QGP or quark soup) is an interacting localized assembly of quarks and gluons at thermal (local kinetic) and (close to) chemical (abundance)...

A gluon (/ˈɡluːɒn/ GLOO-on) is a type of massless elementary particle that mediates the strong interaction between quarks, acting as the exchange particle...

diagnostic tool of quark–gluon plasma (QGP) formation and properties. Unlike up and down quarks, from which everyday matter is made, heavier quark flavors such...

mesons, or in quark–gluon plasmas. For this reason, much of what is known about quarks has been drawn from observations of hadrons. Quarks have various...

whose degrees of freedom include quarks and gluons, of which the prominent example is quark-gluon plasma. Several series of conferences in 2019, 2020...

stars could contain deconfined quark-gluon plasma. The idea is that in the core the internal pressure needed for quark degeneracy – the point at which...

b{\bar {b}}} ) pairs, are crucial probes for studying the deconfined quark-gluon plasma created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The ψ {\displaystyle...

system that has been studied using the AdS/CFT correspondence is the quark–gluon plasma, an exotic state of matter produced in particle accelerators. This...

chromodynamics (QCD) is the study of the strong interaction between quarks mediated by gluons. Quarks are fundamental particles that make up composite hadrons such...

from quark–gluon plasma? Is quark flavor conserved in quark–gluon plasma? Are strangeness and charm in chemical equilibrium in quark–gluon plasma? Does...

antimatter? See also CP violation. What are the nature and properties of quark–gluon plasma, thought to have existed in the early universe and in certain compact...

the formation of hadrons out of quarks and gluons. There are two main branches of hadronization: quark-gluon plasma (QGP) transformation and colour string...

sense. Fritzsch, H. (1983). Quarks: The Stuff of Matter. Basic Books. pp. 167–168. ISBN 978-0-465-06781-7. "Quark–gluon plasma is the most primordial state...

non-perturbative phenomena such as confinement and quark–gluon plasma formation. In lattice QCD, fields representing quarks are defined at lattice sites (which leads...

other states are possible, including plasma, Bose–Einstein condensates, fermionic condensates, and quark–gluon plasma. Usually atoms can be imagined as a...

QCD vacuum and chiral condensates Vacuum in quantum field theory Quark–gluon plasma QCD matter Savvidy, G.K. (7 Nov 1977). "Infrared instability of the...

extreme cold), neutron-degenerate matter (in extreme density), and quark–gluon plasma (at extremely high energy). The term phase is sometimes used as a...

particle physics, the gluon field strength tensor is a second order tensor field characterizing the gluon interaction between quarks. The strong interaction...

particles can acquire mass and interact with the Higgs Field. The quark–gluon plasma persists (Quark epoch). The universe cools to 1015 kelvin.[citation needed]...

binding energy (QCD binding energy), gluon binding energy or chromodynamic binding energy is the energy binding quarks together into hadrons. It is the energy...

quark–gluon plasma is governed by quantum chromodynamics, but this theory is mathematically intractable in problems involving the quark–gluon plasma....

energies, these types of collisions are theorized to produce the quark–gluon plasma. In peripheral nuclear collisions at high energies one expects to...

melt. This is one of the predicted signals of the formation of the quark–gluon plasma. Heavy-ion experiments at CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron and at BNL's...

Still higher energies are necessary to achieve a quark–gluon plasma. The primary changes in a plasma's behavior as it approaches the relativistic regime...

of matter Plasma (mineral), a green translucent silica mineral Quark–gluon plasma, a state of matter in quantum chromodynamics Blood plasma, the yellow-colored...

electromagnetism. During the quark epoch, the universe was filled with a dense, hot quark–gluon plasma, containing quarks, leptons and their antiparticles...

other states are possible, including plasma, Bose–Einstein condensates, fermionic condensates, and quark–gluon plasma. Maximum-distortion energy theory ...

existed immediately after the Big Bang by measuring the properties of quark-gluon plasma. ALICE is designed to study high-energy collisions between lead nuclei...

perfect fluids have no shear stresses, viscosity, or heat conduction. A quark–gluon plasma and graphene are examples of nearly perfect fluids that could be studied...

After cosmic inflation ended, the universe was filled with a hot quark–gluon plasma, the remains of reheating. From this point onwards the physics of...