bottom quark, beauty quark, or b quark, is an elementary particle of the third generation. It is a heavy quark with a charge of −⁠1/3⁠ e. All quarks are...

either a bottom quark (most frequently), a strange quark, or, on the rarest of occasions, a down quark. The Standard Model determines the top quark's mean...

flavors, of quarks: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. Up and down quarks have the lowest masses of all quarks. The heavier quarks rapidly change...

The charm quark, charmed quark, or c quark is an elementary particle found in composite subatomic particles called hadrons such as the J/psi meson and...

Current quarks (also called naked quarks or bare quarks) are a description of valence quarks as the cores of the quark particles that are the invariable...

quarks (up, charm, and top quarks) are called up-type quarks and have T3 = ⁠++1/2⁠ ; the negatively charged quarks (down, strange, and bottom quarks)...

reflecting the difference between the number of bottom antiquarks (nb) and the number of bottom quarks (nb) that are present in a particle: B ′ = − ( n...

A constituent quark is a current quark with a notional "covering" induced by the renormalization group. In the low-energy limit of QCD, a description by...

interact with baryonic matter. There are six quarks: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. Quarks carry color charge, and hence interact via the...

containing the charm quark, first seen 1974, is about three times as massive as a proton, and the upsilon meson (ϒ) containing the bottom quark, first seen in...

accurately known quark mass is of the top quark (t) at 172.7 GeV/c2, estimated using the on-shell scheme. Estimates of the values of quark masses depend...

In particle physics, the quark model is a classification scheme for hadrons in terms of their valence quarks—the quarks and antiquarks that give rise to...

The bottom eta meson (η b) or eta-b meson is a flavourless meson formed from a bottom quark and its antiparticle. It was first observed by the BaBar experiment...

Quark–gluon plasma (QGP or quark soup) is an interacting localized assembly of quarks and gluons at thermal (local kinetic) and (close to) chemical (abundance)...

Top and bottom can mean more than one thing. In the context of particle physics: Top quark Bottom quark In the context of sexuality: Top, bottom and versatile...

It, along with the down quark, forms the neutrons (one up quark, two down quarks) and protons (two up quarks, one down quark) of atomic nuclei. It is...

includes the charm and strange quarks, the muon and the muon neutrino; the third generation consists of the top and bottom quarks and the tau and tau neutrino...

The strange quark or s quark (from its symbol, s) is the third lightest of all quarks, a type of elementary particle. Strange quarks are found in subatomic...

and bottom quarks; the top quark vanishes before it has time to bind into a hadron). The strength of the strong-force gluons which bind the quarks together...

quarks are called omega baryons. By default, the quarks are strange quarks, but those with one or more the strange quarks replaced by charm or bottom...

(charmness), B′ (bottomness), T (topness), u (up quark), d (down quark), s (strange quark), c (charm quark), b (bottom quark), t (top quark), as well as other...

down quark (symbol: d) is a type of elementary particle, and a major constituent of matter. The down quark is the second-lightest of all quarks, and combines...

number of valence quarks, conventionally three. Protons and neutrons are examples of baryons; because baryons are composed of quarks, they belong to the...

a bottom antiquark and either an up (B+ ), down (B0 ), strange (B0 s) or charm quark (B+ c). The combination of a bottom antiquark and a top quark is...

are added for each even heavier charm or bottom quark that replaces one of the two presumed strange quarks. They are historically called the cascade...

hypernuclei. A number of charmed and bottom baryons have also been observed. Pentaquarks consist of four valence quarks and one valence antiquark. Other exotic...

Quark matter or QCD matter (quantum chromodynamic) refers to any of a number of hypothetical phases of matter whose degrees of freedom include quarks...

in the technical analysis of securities Bottom quark, a subatomic particle Trousers, Shorts and other "bottom wear", pieces of clothing to cover the lower...

the quark masses). The three heavy quarks: the charm quark, bottom quark, and top quark, have masses much larger than the scale of the strong interactions...

of three quarks; or a meson, composed of two quarks), or an elementary particle, which is not composed of other particles (for example, quarks; or electrons...